马克思对黑格尔理性国家观的继承与超越——兼论社会主义国家的存在之真

Marx’s Inheritance and Transcendence of Hegel’s Rational State View:On the Truth of the Existence of Socialist Countries

马克思的国家理论和黑格尔的国家理论之间,存在着隐秘的逻辑线索。黑格尔看到了市民社会内在矛盾所导致的非理性运动趋向,理性国家是对市民社会矛盾的哲学解决和逻辑建构。只有在作为伦理共同体的国家中,才保障了每个人在与其他人的结合中真正实现自己的自由。马克思通过对市民社会的政治经济学批判,揭示出资本主义生产方式带来的必然矛盾和理性国家的本质内容,使得国家理念真正立于尘世根基之上,并论证了国家消亡的可能性,从而越出了黑格尔的理论视界。从哲学理论下降到政治实践,作为承载"理性"现实的新型国家——社会主义国家,可以被看做是理性国家的证成。发展中国特色社会主义伟大事业,就是要求将理性上升为国家理性,让理性原则在国家范围内得到普遍实现。

There are hidden logical clues between Marx’s state theory and Hegel’s state theory.Hegel saw the trend of irrational movement caused by the internal contradictions of civil society.The rational state is the philosophical solution and logical construction of the contradictions of civil society.Only in a country as an ethical community,can it guarantee everyone’s freedom in the combination with others.By criticizing the political economy of the civil society,Marx revealed the inevitable contradiction brought by the capitalist mode of production and the essential content of the rational state,which made the state concept truly stand on the foundation of the world,and demonstrated the possibility of the state’s demise,thus transcending Hegel’s theoretical horizon.From philosophical theory to political practice,as a new country carrying the reality of“rationality”—socialist country,it can be seen as the proof of rational country.To develop the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics requires that rationality be turned into national rationality and that the principle of rationality be universally realized within the scope of the country.