硅酸钙型盐碱土复合调理剂配方筛选研究

Formula selection of calcium silicate compound conditioner for saline-alkali soil

【目的】研究施用硅酸钙型复合调理剂对盐碱土的综合改良效果及对作物出苗率的影响,旨在为河套灌区盐渍土的改良与利用提供理论依据。【方法】以内蒙古河套灌区典型的盐碱土为研究对象,以硅酸钙、腐殖酸、保水剂按不同比例配制成不同硅酸钙型复合调理剂,其中以上3种材料用量均为0的处理为对照,采用盆栽试验,分析硅酸钙型复合调理剂对土壤pH、电导率、盐基离子含量、养分含量、含水量、硬度及向日葵出苗率的影响。【结果】与对照相比,硅酸钙型复合调理剂处理土壤pH降低了0.18~0.39,土壤电导率降低了2.1%~27.2%,土壤中Na+、Mg 2+和Cl-含量分别降低了12.1%~26.1%,18.2%~93.3%和0.2%~37.3%;土壤有机质和速效氮含量分别增加了6.4%~85.8%,16.7%~356.4%,土壤速效磷含量增加了26.2%~217.7%,土壤含水量增加了15.4%~45.6%,土壤硬度显著降低,降低幅度为36.7%~58.4%;施用硅酸钙型复合调理剂后向日葵出苗率均明显增加。【结论】硅酸钙型复合调理剂的最优配方为:硅酸钙2580 kg/hm 2,腐殖酸774 kg/hm 2,保水剂516 kg/hm 2,对盐碱土综合改良及向日葵出苗的效果较好。

【Objective】This study investigated the comprehensive improvement effects of calcium silicate compound conditioner on saline-alkali soil and its effect on crop germination rate to provide basis for improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil in Hetao irrigation district.【Method】Calcium silicate,humic acid and super absorbent polymer were used to prepare different calcium silicate compound conditioners with different proportions.The treatment without any conditioner was used as the control.The typical saline-alkali soil in Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia was selected,and the effects of different compound formulations on pH,EC,water-soluble ions,nutrient levels,moisture,hardness of saline-alkali soil and germination rate of sunflower were compared and analyzed through pot experiments.【Result】After applying calcium silicate compound conditioners with different proportions,soil pH was reduced by 0.18-0.39,soil EC was reduced by 2.1%-27.2%,and contents of Na+,Mg 2+and Cl-were decreased by 12.1%-26.1%,18.2%-93.3%and 0.2%-37.3%,respectively.Soil organic matter and available nitrogen were increased by 6.4%-85.8%and 16.7%-356.4%and available phosphorus in soil was increased by 26.2%-217.7%.After applying compound conditioners with different proportions,soil moisture was increased by 15.4%-45.6%,and soil hardness was significantly reduced by 36.7%-58.4%.After applying compound conditioners with different proportions,the germination rate of sunflower was increased significant.【Conclusion】The obtained optimal formula of calcium silicate compound conditioner was calcium silicate 2580 kg/hm 2,humic acid 774 kg/hm 2,and super absorbent polymer 516 kg/hm 2.