学术大同与全球政教——以廖平《大同学说》为核心的考察

Liao Ping's Theory of Great Harmony

廖平经学以“六变”著称,在近代独树一帜。其早年的“今古学”思想备受学人关注,至于其后期的经学主张,研究者多斥为“空幻怪诞”,无甚价值。事实上,如果认真研读廖氏著作,可以明显地感受到他对经学“致用性”的丧失充满了焦虑,故不得不“学随世变”,倡导“经学改良”。故他在戊戌之后放弃了“今古学”之辩,转而泯灭“今古”界限,实现“群经大同”。不仅如此,他还通过将诸子百家皆收归孔门,打通中学与西学,建构起属于自己的“学术大同”体系,并推之治法,为全球政教秩序规划了独特的“大同”之路,以重新确立孔经的普世价值,恢复“通经致用”的学术传统。在近代学术转型的背景下,廖平的思考代表了儒学革新的另一条路径。

Liao Ping’s thought concerning Confucian classical studies is famous for the“six shifts”and is unique in modern times.His early thought of“Old and New Text Confucianism”attracted much attention from scholars,but late scholars think that the third shift in Liao Ping’s Confucian classics studies is illusory and bizarre,they believe that there is no research value.In fact,if we read Liao Ping’s works carefully,we can clearly find that he was full of anxiety about the loss of the practicality of Confucian classics studies,so he had to“learn with the changing world”and advocated“the reform of Confucian classics”.After 1898,Liao Ping abandoned“Old and New Text Confucianism”,and started to remove the boundary between them,in order to realize the“great harmony”of all the classics.In addition,he included all the pre-Qin philosophical texts within Confucianism,and established a grand intellectual system that could include both the ancient and modern and encompass both Chinese and Western thought,and applied this system to political instruction.He has planned a unique“Great Harmony”road for the global’s political instruction.He intended to re-establish the“Universal Value”of the Confucius and restore the academic tradition of“governing the world through Confucian classical studies”.Under the background of modern academic transformation,Liao Ping’s thought represents another path of Confucianism innovation.