从影像意识重新理解视觉文化:基于现象学视角的分析

Reinterpretation of Visual Culture from Image Consciousness:an Analysis from the Perspective of Phenomenology

视觉文化是一种以影像为表意符号的文化形态,而影像符号的表意依赖于影像意识;图像文化是一种以图像为表意符号的文化形态,图像符号的表意依赖于图像意识;印刷文化是一种以文字为表意符号的文化形态,文字符号的表意依赖于符号意识。其中,影像意识区别于符号意识的地方在于:影像意识是一种不带任何成见的直观意识,而符号意识是一种需要经验积累的非直观意识;影像意识区别于图像意识的地方在于:影像意识感知到的是一个虚拟的真实世界,而图像意识感知到的是一个以图像形式显现出来的想象世界。根据这两组区别,我们可以从现象学视角重新理解视觉文化区别于印刷文化和图像文化的两个本质特征:一是视觉文化是一种“直观”文化;二是视觉文化是一种“虚拟真实”的文化。

Visual culture conveys meaning through images or ideographic symbols,which relies on the image consciousness of the viewer for interpretation.Pictographic culture conveys meaning through pictures,which again is to be interpreted by the viewer according to the his picture consciousness.Printing culture,in contrast,relies on words for expression of meaning,which is interpreted by the reader in accordance with his consciousness of words as symbols.The image consciousness differs from word or symbol consciousness in the fact that the former is intuitive and unbiased,while the latter is experience-based and non-intuitive.The image consciousness differs the picture consciousness in that the images present a world that is both real and virtual,while pictures present an imagined world through pictures.Such differences point us to the nature of the visual culture:firstly,it is“intuitive”,secondly,it is both“virtual”and“real”.