改革开放史研究需要多学科对话——以解释“中国奇迹”为例

Study of the History of Reform and Opening Up Requires a Dialogue among Many Disciplines:Based on the Example of the Interpretation of the“Chinese Miracle”

中国改革开放史是各个学科共同研究的对象,只是观察视角和方法不同。改革开放史研究要深入,必须打破学科界线,进行多学科的对话。在解释中国改革和发展逻辑方面,经济学、政治学、社会学等领域研究成果丰富,以解释“中国奇迹”为例,国内外学者在诸如怎样理解中国市场化改革中政府的作用、中国改革的决策模式、地方政府的行为模式、区域经济不平衡发展等问题上作出了各种不同的解释,历史学者不能无视这些研究自说自话。改革开放史研究既要有国家叙事,也要有民间叙事,呈现体制变革引发各领域的社会变迁。理想的改革开放史写作,应该把“时间序列逻辑”与“结构/机制逻辑”相结合,既要看到历史的自主性,看到历史人物的作用,又要看到其背后的动因和约束。不过,历史学的写作不能落入概念游戏,舍弃其生动、鲜活的品质。

The history of reform and opening up is a common object of study in many disciplines,with many different viewpoints and methods.The study of the history of reform and opening up should go further,and transcend the boundaries of the different disciplines and develop dialogues among many disciplines.With respect to explaining China’s reform and developing its logic,there are rich research results in the fields of economics,politics,and sociology.With the interpretation of the“Chinese miracle”as an example,domestic and overseas scholars have different interpretations of how to understand the role of the government,the policy mode of the reform,the behavioral mode of local governments,and the unbalanced development of the regional economies in China’s market reforms.Historians cannot ignore these studies and talk only to themselves.The study of the history of reform and opening not only needs a national narrative but also needs a civilian narrative to present the social changes caused by the systemic reforms.The ideal writing of the history of reform and opening up should combine a“time-ordered logic”with a“structure or system logic,”and should examine the independence of history,the role of historical figures,and the motivations and limitations behind them.However,historical writing should not fall into a conceptual game and abandon its vivid qualities.