我国现有兜底性长期照护保障制度评价与完善构想

The System Evaluation and Ideal Improvement of China’s Existing Guaranteed Long-Term CareInsurance

《国家积极应对人口老龄化中长期规划》指出,实施兜底性长期照护服务保障行动计划,将兜底性长期照护作为多层次长期照护保障制度的基本内容,兜住贫困失能人群的基本照护需求。我国基本建立了针对不同贫困失能人群,具有兜底性质的各类照护服务救助和照护补贴制度,但是仍存在制度碎片化、保障水平不足、服务质量有限等突出问题。应整合、优化既有制度框架,构建完整的兜底性长期照护保障制度体系;应聚焦经济和生理维度,对贫困失能人群进行识别瞄准、梯次保障,保障不同类型的贫困失能人群获得必要、可及的照护支持;应重视环境支撑,特别是配套制度、服务体系等方面的支撑,从而保证兜底性长期照护保障制度顺利运行,并实现其预期目标。

In the China’s Long-Term Plan of Action on Population Ageing,it is pointed out that the action plan of the guaranteed long-term care service insurance should be implemented and the guaranteed long-term care should be taken as the basic content of the multi-level long-term care insurance system,in order to guaran⁃tee the basic care needs of the poor and disabled people.China has basically established various kinds of guar⁃anteed care service assistance and subsidy system for different poor and disabled people,but there are still some prominent problems,such as system fragmentation,inadequate level of insurance,limited quality of ser⁃vice,and so on.A complete guaranteed long-term care insurance system should be built through ntegrating and optimizing the existing system frame;should focus on the economic and physiological dimensions,identifying and targeting the poor and disabled groups through sliding-scale insurance,and ensuring that different types of poor and disabled people have access to necessary and accessible care support;should pay attention to environ⁃mental support,especially matching system,service system,and so on,so as to ensure the smooth operation and realization of the guaranteed long-term care insurance system.