某高校新生200 km徒步拉练伤病特点分析

Characteristics of training injuries in college freshmen during a 200-km trek

目的探讨军医大学新学员徒步拉练伤特点,为科学施训和卫勤医疗保障救护提供依据。方法收集并整理本次徒步拉练就医资料,采用现况研究对2019年10月10日至19日军医大学318名学员拉练中发生伤病情况进行分析;采用回顾性队列研究的方法对使用和未用鞋垫的男学员各60名分别纳入暴露组和非暴露组,对其脚泡发生情况进行比较观察;并对急性胃肠炎暴发时间进行分析。结果参加拉练学员318人,伤病就诊共计813人次,就诊人次率为255.66%,常见伤病包括脚泡、软组织伤、上呼吸道感染、急性胃肠炎和皮炎等,其中前4种疾病就诊共600人次数,占伤病就诊总人次数的构成比为73.90%;与非暴露组比较,暴露组可显著减少脚泡及脚泡个数的发生(P=0.006);饮水污染是导致急性胃肠炎的重要原因;各伤病的就诊人次与训练计划有一定时间特征。结论新学员长途徒步拉练伤病谱和特征显示有一定规律性,以脚泡、软组织伤、上呼吸道感染、急性胃肠炎为主。拉练中使用合适鞋垫可有效防止脚泡发生,同时,加强饮水卫生可有效预防急性胃肠炎。

Objective To provide references for scientific training and medical care by investigating the characteristics and influencing factors of the training injuries of the freshmen in a military medical university during their long-distance trek training.Methods The medical data of the injuries for 318 freshmen during the trekking from October 10 to 19,2019 were collected and analyzed with cross-sectional study.Then 60 male freshmen who used insoles and another 60 who did not were retrospectively recruited as insole group and control group,respectively to observed the incidence and numbers of foot blisters during the training.In addition,the onset time of the acute gastroenteritis outbreak were also studied with in-depth analysis.Results For the 318 freshmen taking part in the whole training,there were totally 813 admissions for medical support,with a rate of 255.66%.The common injuries included foot blisters,soft tissue injuries,upper respiratory tract infection,acute gastroenteritis and abrasion.And the number of medical visits for the first 4 causes took up to 600,accountting for 73.90%of the total diagnosis and treatment.Besides,the insole significantly decreased the rate and number of foot blisters(P=0.006).Contaminated drinking water was the main cause of acute gastroenteritis.The incidences of various injuries showed obvious relationship with the training plan.Conclusion The injury spectrum and injury characteristics of the freshmen in a long-distance trek training show certain rules,with foot blisters,soft tissue injuries,upper respiratory tract infection and acute gastroenteritis most common.Insole use could effectively prevent the occurrence of foot blisters.And paying attention to drinking water hygiene is useful to prevent acute gastroenteritis outbreak.