上海市早产儿与足月儿3~6岁睡眠模式比较分析

Comparative analysis of sleep patterns in 3-to 6-year-old preterm and full term children in Shanghai

目的对上海市早产儿与足月儿3~6岁睡眠模式进行比较分析,为改善早产儿的睡眠提供参考。方法于2018年5-6月采用整群随机抽样法抽取上海市20所幼儿园8586名儿童作为研究对象,其中早产儿共848名,采用自填方法对入选儿童家长进行问卷调查,主要内容包括儿童及其家庭基本情况、儿童睡眠习惯等。结果早产儿晨醒时间[(6:58±0:28)时]明显早于足月儿[(7:06±0:27)时](t=-2.675,P<0.05);夜间睡眠总量[(9.19±0.92)h]和全天总睡眠时间[(10.78±1.11)h]明显少于足月儿[(9.29±0.77)h]和[(10.88±0.99)h](t=-3.191、-2.363,P<0.05);早产儿睡眠不足的发生率(16.3%)明显高于足月儿(11.7%)(χ^2=14.624,P<0.001)。早产儿与足月儿均随着年龄增长,睡眠不足发生率逐渐增加,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=20.024、207.074,P<0.001)。儿童睡眠不足与儿童年龄、早产、父母职业、人均可支配收入、父母婚姻状况有关。结论上海市早产儿在3~6岁睡眠模式较足月儿差,睡眠模式的完善和固化较延迟,提示早产儿在3~6岁神经系统成熟度较足月儿差,早产儿随访工作中应重视睡眠指导及干预。

Objective To comparative analyze sleep patterns in 3-to 6-year-old preterm and full term children in Shanghai,in order to provide reference for further exploring the effect of preterm on sleep patterns.Methods Totally 8586 children from 20 kindergartens in Shanghai were selected by a random cluster sampling survey from May to June 2018,of whom 848 were preterm infants.Children′s parents were investigated by a self-designed questionnaire to collect basic information about children and their family and sleep habits.Results Preterm children woke up earlier than full term children[(6:58±0:28)vs.(7:06±0:27),t=-2.675,P<0.05].And the nighttime sleep time[(9.19±0.92)h]and the daily total sleep time[(10.78±1.11)h]of preterm children were significantly less than those of full term children[(9.29±0.77)h,(10.88±0.99)h,t=-3.191,-2.363,P<0.05].The prevalence of sleep deficiency in preterm children was significantly higher than that in full term children(16.3%vs.11.7%,χ^2=14.624,P<0.001).And the prevalence of sleep deficiency increased with age in preterm children and full term children(χ^2=20.024,207.074,P<0.001).Sleep deficiency in children was associated with their age,premature birth,parents′profession,per-capita disposable income and marital status.Conclusions The sleep pattern in 3-to 6-year-old preterm children is less mature than that of full term children in Shanghai,and improvement and fixed of sleep pattern are delayed,suggesting that the maturity of nervous system in preterm children is worse than that in full term children.Thus more attention should be paid to sleep guidance and intervention in follow-up of preterm children.