苦木化学成分研究

Chemical constituents of Picrasma quassioides

目的对苦木Picrasmaquassioides的化学成分进行研究。方法采用柱色谱等多种方法进行分离纯化,并通过理化常数和各种波谱技术对化合物的结构进行鉴定。结果从苦木的80%乙醇提取物中共分离得到了16个化合物,其中包括12个生物碱和4个苦味素成分,分别鉴定为1-羟甲基-4-甲氧基-β-咔巴啉(1)、苦木碱B(2)、1-甲氧甲酰基-4-甲氧基-β-咔巴啉(3)、1-甲氧甲酰基-4,8-二甲氧基-β-咔巴啉(4)、1-乙基-4-甲氧基-β-咔巴啉(5)、1-乙基-4,8-二甲氧基-β-咔巴啉(6)、苦木西碱I(7)、铁屎米-6-酮(8)、5-甲氧基-铁屎米-6-酮(9)、苦木碱F(10)、苦木碱D(11)、quassidine B(12)、quassin(13)、苦木内酯B(14)、苦木内酯E(15)、norquassin(16)。结论化合物1为新的β-咔巴啉型生物碱,命名为苦木西碱丁(kumujantine D),化合物4为首次从苦木中分离得到。

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Picrasma quassioidies. Methods The isolation and purification were carried out by column chromatography on silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative RP-HPLC. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. Results A total of 12 alkaloids and four quassinoids were isolated and identified from 80% ethanol aqueous extract of the stems of P. quassioides. They were named as 1-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-β-carboline(1), 1-methoxicabony-β-carboline(2), 1-methoxicabony-4-methoxy-β-carboline(3), 1-methoxicabony-4,8-dimethoxy-β-carboline(4), 1-ethyl-4-methoxy-β-carboline(5), 1-ethyl-4,8-dimethoxy-β-carboline(6), picrasidine I(7), canthin-6-one(8), 5-methoxyl-canthin-6-one(9), 4-methoxyl-5-hydroxyl-canthin-6-one(10), 4,5-dimethoxylcanthin-6-one(11), quassidine B(12), quassin(13), nigakilactone B(14), nigakilactone E(15) and norquassin(16). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new β-carboline alkaloid, named as kumujantine D, and compound 4 is isolated from P. quassioidies for the first time.