硝化抑制剂对枸杞园土壤的作用效果研究

Effect of nitrification inhibitors on the soil in wolfberry orchard

通过室内恒温培养试验,筛选出效果最佳的硝化抑制剂剂型及剂量并应用于枸杞园土壤,研究其对枸杞产量及品质的影响。室内恒温培养试验供试硝化抑制剂为2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(Nitrapyrin)、双氰胺(DCD)和3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP),共设17个处理:未添加硝化抑制剂(CK),添加Nitrapyrin(纯氮量的0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%、0.6%),添加DMPP(纯氮量的0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%),添加DCD(纯氮量的1.0%、2.0%、3.0%、3.5%、4.0%和5.0%)。结果表明:在砂土的培养中,三者硝化抑制效果表现为DMPP≥Nitrapyrin>DCD;DMPP和Nitrapyrin的硝化抑制率分别为71.90%~75.17%和4.83%~77.28%。但由于DMPP的价格(240~360元·kg^-1)及用量均高于Nitrapyrin(155元·kg^-1),故选择纯氮量0.5%的Nitrapyrin应用于大田试验。田间试验设置4个处理:农民习惯施肥为SF100,SFN100、SFN80及SFN60处理是在SF100处理基础上分别减少0%、40%、60%的枸杞专用肥同时添加纯氮量为0.5%浓度的Nitrapyrin。结果表明:田间试验中施用Nitrapyrin处理的产量较SF100处理分别提高了6.67%,5.80%及3.52%,同时与SF100处理相比,SFN100处理的多糖及蛋白质含量分别提高了16.22%及8.67%。综合经济效益及生态效益,浓度为纯氮量0.5%的Nitrapyrin为最佳处理。在大田试验中施用Nitrapyrin同时减少枸杞专用肥的用量,枸杞产量及效益均有所提高,且蛋白质及多糖含量有显著增加。因此,可初步认为硝化抑制剂的施用对枸杞的种植有“减肥增效”的作用。

An indoor constant temperature culture was carried out,with Ningqi 7 and its cultivation soil as the experimental material,to obtain the optimum dosage and type of nitrification inhibitors for the soil in wolfberry orchard,and to investigate the effect on the yield and quality of wolfberry.The nitrification inhibitors of thermostatic cultivation were 2-chloro-6-trichloromethyl pyridine(Nitrapyrin),dicyandiamide(DCD),and 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate(DMPP),and 17 treatments were set as no nitrification inhibitor addition(CK),Nitrapyrin(0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,0.4%,0.5%,and 0.6%of pure nitrogen),DMPP(0.5%,1.0%,1.5%,and 2.0%of pure nitrogen),DCD(1.0%,2.0%,3.0%,3.5%,4.0%,and 5.0%of pure nitrogen).Four treatments were set in the field experiment:local farmer conventional fertilizer treatment as SF100 and the treatments of SFN100,SFN80,and SFN60 reduced N rate by 0%,40%,and 60%,respectively,on the basis of SF100 treatment(Nitrapyrin with 0.5%concentration of pure N was added).Our results showed that in sandy soil culture,the inhibition effect of nitrification ranked as DMPP≥Nitrapyrin>DCD,and the inhibition rates of Nitrapyrin and DMPP were 71.9%~75.17%and 4.83%~77.28%,respectively.However,since the price(240~360 yuan·kg^-1)and dosage of DMPP were higher than those of Nitrapyrin(155 yuan·kg^-1),Nitrapyrin was selected for field test.In the field experiment,the yield of Nitrapyrin treatment increased by 6.67%,5.80%,and 3.52%,respectively,compared with that of SF100.The wolfberry polysaccharide and protein of SFN100 increased by 16.22%and 8.67%in contrast to SF100,respectively.The Nitrapyrin with 0.5%rate was the best combination for economic and ecological benefits.In the field experiment,Nitrapyrin reduced N rate but increased wolfberry yield,profit,protein,and polysaccharide.Therefore,nitrification inhibitor could save N and increase the wolfberry yield and quality in wolfberry orchard.