褪黑素对干旱胁迫下小麦生长发育和产量的影响

Effects of melatonin on the growth and yield of wheat under drought condition

以抗旱性不同的小麦品种‘济麦22号’和‘衡观35’为研究材料,采用人工气候室箱体土培方法,设置6个试验处理,分别为正常水分(CK)、干旱(D)、D+1μmol·L^-1褪黑素、D+10μmol·L^-1褪黑素、D+100μmol·L^-1褪黑素、D+300μmol·L^-1褪黑素,研究了不同浓度褪黑素对干旱胁迫下小麦生长、干物质积累以及产量的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫下,‘济麦22号’的产量比对照降低了25.43%(P<0.05);D+100μmol·L^-1褪黑素浓度处理下的‘济麦22号’产量较D处理增加24.73%,且该处理对株高、叶面积、干物质量、穗粒数和千粒重有显著促进作用。‘衡观35’抗旱性较强,D处理未显著影响其产量;D+10μmol·L^-1褪黑素浓度处理使该品种的产量分别比CK和D处理增加了10.46%和8.87%(P<0.05),主要表现在千粒重分别增加了39.05%和4.84%,成熟期穗部干物重分配比较CK增加了6.69%;而较高褪黑素浓度(100μmol·L^-1、300μmol·L^-1)则抑制了该品种的产量增加,分别比对照降低23.81%和24.93%。褪黑素处理对干旱条件下不同品种的改善效果不同,‘济麦22号’增产效应较佳的褪黑素浓度为100μmol·L^-1,‘衡观35’则为10μmol·L^-1。抗旱性不同的小麦品种应选择适宜浓度褪黑素以有效改善其抗旱性。

An artificial climate chamber experiment was conducted in Hebei Agricultural University.The effects of melatonin on plant height,leaf area,dry matter accumulation,and yield of wheat under drought stress were studied using the methods of crop growth control and indoor soil cultivation with the test materials of Jimai 22 and Hengguan 35.Six experimental treatments were set,including normal water condition(CK),drought(D),D+1μmol·L^-1,D+10μmol·L^-1,D+100μmol·L^-1,and D+300μmol·L^-1 melatonin solutions.The results showed that drought stress significantly reduced the yield of Jimai 22 by 25.43%comparing with CK.The yield of Jimai 22 under the treatment of D+100μmol·L^-1 melatonin was significantly higher than that of D by 24.73%.This treatment significantly improved plant height,leaf area,dry matter weight,and grain plumpness.For Hengguan 35,a drought-resisting variety,the yield under drought treatment did not change significantly.The D+10μmol·L^-1 melatonin significantly increased the yield by 10.46%and 8.87%comparing with CK and D,respectively,mainly increasing in grain weight by 39.05%and 4.84%,increasing in dry matter accumulation ratio of spike by 6.69%at mature.However,higher concentrations(100μmol·L^-1,300μmol·L^-1)melatonin inhibited the yield and reduced it by 23.81%and 24.93%,respectively,comparing with control.This different effect on different wheat varieties was possibly related to the drought-resisting conditions and concentrations of melatonin.The optional concentration of melatonin on increasing yield was 100μmol·L^-1for Jimai 22,10μmol·L^-1for Hengguan 35.Optimal concentrations of melatonin would be select to use according to different wheat varieties.