水、肥、气耦合滴灌对温室番茄生长和品质的影响

Effect of water-fertilizer-gas coupled drip irrigation on greenhouse tomato growth and fruit quality

以温室番茄为对象,采用地下滴灌的供水方式,设置施氮量(低氮和常氮)、掺气处理(非曝气和循环曝气)和灌水量(低水量和高水量)3因素2水平随机区组试验,研究水、肥、气耦合滴灌对温室番茄生长与品质的影响。结果表明:循环曝气、高水量和常氮处理可有效促进番茄生长,表现为叶绿素含量增加和净光合速率增强,番茄地上部鲜重、产量提高和品质提升。其中株高和叶绿素含量曝气处理较非曝气处理平均增加9.81%和8.63%(P<0.05),高水量处理较低水量处理平均增加18.14%和11.44%(P<0.05),常氮处理较低氮处理平均增加6.58%和8.20%(P<0.05)。就地上部鲜重和产量而言,曝气处理较非曝气处理平均提高14.93%和22.91%(P<0.05),高水量处理较低水量处理平均提高27.10%和41.19%(P<0.05),常氮处理较低氮处理平均提高24.89%和40.87%(P<0.05)。株高、叶绿素含量、净光合速率与产量均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。可溶性固形物、Vc含量、可溶性蛋白质含量,曝气处理较非曝气处理平均提高16.73%、12.13%、11.59%,总酸含量平均降低11.44%(P<0.05);高水量处理较低水量处理平均提高16.09%、17.60%、18.99%,总酸含量平均降低16.38%(P<0.05);常氮处理较低氮处理平均增加12.65%、41.81%、28.03%,总酸含量平均降低7.97%(P<0.05)。本试验中,常氮高水量循环曝气处理(施氮量为180 kg·hm^-2,灌水量为1237 m3·hm^-2,掺气比率为15%)是促进温室番茄生长和品质提升的适宜水、肥、气组合方案。

A two-level randomized block experiment was conducted under greenhouse tomato cultivation with three factors including 2 nitrogen(N)application rates(135 kg·hm^-2 and 180 kg·hm^-2),2 drip irrigation types(subsurface drip irrigation with conventional water and aerated water),and irrigation rates(824 m3·hm^-2 and 1237 m3·hm^-2)to study the effects of water-fertilizer-gas coupled drip irrigation on tomato growth and fruit quality.The results showed that continuous aeration,high irrigation rate,and conventional N treatment promoted tomato growth,increased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate,improved tomato yield,fresh weight,and fruit quality.The aeration treatments increased by 9.81%and 8.63%,respectively,compared to the conventional drip irrigation(P<0.05),and the high irrigation rates increased tomato plant height and chlorophyll content 18.14%and 11.44%,respectively,compared to the low irrigation rates(P<0.05).The normal N application rate increased tomato plant height and chlorophyll content by 6.58%and 8.20%,respectively,compared to the low N application rate(P<0.05).For aboveground fresh weight and yield,the aeration treatments increased them by 14.93%and 22.91%,respectively,compared to the conventional drip irrigation(P<0.05),and the high irrigation rates increased by 27.10%and 41.19%,respectively,compared to the low irrigation amount(P<0.05),and the normal N application rate increased them by 24.89%and 40.87%,respectively,compared to the low N application rate(P<0.05).There were positive correlations between plant height,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate and fruit yield(P<0.01).In terms of the average content of fruit soluble solids,Vc and soluble protein in aeration treatments increased by 16.73%,12.13%,and 11.59%,respectively,compared to the conventional drip irrigation.Total acid in fruit under aeration treatments decreased by 11.44%compared to the conventional drip irrigation(P<0.05).While the average value of fruit soluble solids,fruit total acid,Vc,and soluble protein with the high irrigation rates were increased by 16.09%,17.60%,and 18.99%compared to the low irrigation amount,and total fruit acid in the high irrigation volume decreased by 16.38%compared to the low irrigation amount(P<0.05).The average value of soluble fruit solids,Vc and soluble protein with the normal N application rate increased by 12.65%,41.81%,and 28.03%,respectively,compared to the low N application rate,total fruit acid in the normal N application rate decreased by 7.97%compared to the low N application rate(P<0.05).Combination of 180 kg·hm^-2,irrigation rates of 1237 m3·hm^-2 and air void fraction of 15%was an optimal scheme for water-fertilizer-gas coupled drip irrigation for tomato growth and fruit quality promotion.