深度学习的脑科学基础与课堂教学策略

The Brain Science Foundation of Deep Learning and Classroom Teaching Strategies

人脑是人类学习的基础,而人的思维又通过学习被塑造,学习与思维是双向建构的关系。脑科学的发展与深度学习的兴起,促使传统意义上的学习目标、内容、方式以及评价发生巨大的变革。脑科学的研究不断揭示着深度学习发生的机制,为研究深度学习提供了科学基础。促使深度学习发生的教学策略为:抓住脑发展的"经验期待",确立高阶思维发展的教学目标;创设促进深度学习的真实情境,引导学习者与环境的互动;激活大脑的"边缘系统",唤醒情感的认知功能,激发学生学习的内部动机;遵循大脑运行机制,使教学循序渐进、张弛有度。

Human brain is the foundation of human learning,and human thinking is shaped through learning.Learning and thinking is a two-way construction of the relationship. With the development of brain science and the rise of deep learning,great changes have taken place in learning goals,content,methods and evaluation of learning in the traditional sense. The research of brain science continuously reveals the mechanism of the occurrence of deep learning,and provides scientific basis for the research of deep learning.The teaching strategies that promote deep learning should be well grasped:grasp the "experience expectation"of brain development and establish the teaching goals of higher-level thinking development;create real situations to promote deep learning and guide the interaction between learners and the environment;activate the "limbic system"of the brain,awaken the cognitive functions of emotion,and stimulate the internal motivation for students to learn;follow the mechanism of the brain operation to make the teaching step by step and relaxed.