日本乡村振兴转型的新模式:“地域循环共生圈”的实践与启示

Japan's Rural Revitalization in Transition:The Practice and Implications of the"Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere"Approach

随着人口老龄化和城乡“过密-过疏”问题日益突出,自20世纪90年代以来日本乡村振兴经历了由外生式发展向内源式发展的转型,其主要表现为更加注重发挥农业多功能性,强调城乡互补协作,以及乡村资源的可持续利用与多元化增值。作为日本乡村振兴转型的新模式,“地域循环共生圈”通过区域化联合、官产学合作、绿色投融资创新和六次产业化等方式促进乡村资源整合增值,致力于提升环境、经济和社会综合效益。日本“地域循环共生圈”实践为中国乡村振兴提供了有益启示:建立多元合作机制,立足乡村资源禀赋,以低碳、循环和生态理念引导乡村产业转型升级;通过完善产销对接和利益联结机制,将乡村资源整合增值所产生的收益更多留在当地,实现生产、生活、生态良性循环。

As the issues of rural depopulation and aging continue to exacerbate,Japan has shifted its rural revitalization approach from exogenous development to endogenous development since the 1990s.It em-phasizes agricultural multifunctionality,urban-rural collaboration as well as sustainable use of rural re-sources and their value addition in multiple dimensions.As a new approach to rural revitalization,“Re-gional Circular and Ecological Sphere(RCES)”aims to comprehensively improve ecological,economic and social benefits through regional collaboration,partnerships among government,industry and acade-mia,green financing and sixth-sector industrialization.Drawing implications from Japan's experiences,some suggestions for China's rural revitalization are as follows.On the one hand,China should establish a multi-stakeholder cooperation mechanism,and apply the principles of low-carbon,circular and biodi-versity-friendly development to the transformation and upgrading of rural industry based on local resource endowment.On the other hand,the benefits generated by the integration and value addition of rural re-sources should be retained more by the local people through production-consumption matching and bene-fit-sharing mechanisms,so as to create a virtuous cycle of production,life and ecology.