李白《拟古十二首》及其意象构建

Li Bai’s “Twelve Imitations of the Old Poems”and Its Image Construction

李白的《拟古十二首》是模拟《古诗十九首》之作,是完整的组诗,继承了陆机开创的拟篇法,从属于六朝至唐代拟写古诗的风气。李白拟写古诗,在"象"与"意"方面都较古诗更为丰富,是继承齐梁技巧而御以兴寄传统的结果,以表现与再现相结合,体现出典型的盛唐气象。其构建意象的途径也独具特点,发挥了李白天才的创造力。高扬的主体意识是李白拟古区别于六朝拟古的最显著特征。《拟古十二首》对古诗的种种改造,也为我们解析李白五古的创作手法提供了线索。

Li Bai’s cycle of poems "Twelve Imitatations of the Old Poems" is an imitation of "Nineteen Old Poems". It was preceded by Lu Ji’s method of imitating other texts and could be seen as part of the practice of imitating older poems from the Six Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai’s imitations are richer both in "images" and "implications" than those in the imitated poems, perhaps because he borrowed some techniques from the Qi and Liang Dynasties to enhance the traditional modes of conveying and inspiring, and Li Bai tried to combine expressionist and representational techniques to demonstrate the High-Tang spirit. His approach to construct images also has its own characteristics, fully displaying his originality, and the most remarkable aspect of his imitation poems lies in his strong self-consciousness. His innovations reflected in the "Imitations" were not seen in the Six Dynasties, and the "Twelve Imitations of the Old Poems" provides clues for us to analyze Li Bai’s techniques in his five-character old-style poems.