基于居住融合指数的多民族城市居住融合格局演变及影响因素分析——以青海省西宁市为例

An Analysis of Evolution and Influencing Factors of Residential Integration Pattern in Multi-ethnic Cities Based on Residential Integration Index: A Case Study of Xining City in Qinghai Provience

研究不同民族群体在城市内部的居住分布格局和融合状态有助于优化城市居住空间,为住房规划和社区管理提供理论支持,并对促进民族关系和谐具有重要意义。以青海省西宁市为例,基于2000-2015年人口统计数据,采用居住融合指数法,分析居住融合格局在城市和市辖区两个尺度的演变过程,并对其影响因素进行了分析。研究表明:1.在城市尺度上,少数民族群体和汉族的居住融合呈现中度融合状态,且融合程度不断加深。回族群体呈现中度融合状态,融合程度缓慢下降,藏族群体呈现高度融合状态,融合程度不断加深。2.在市辖区层面,整个少数民族群体除了在城东区处于中度融合外,在其他三个区都处于高度融合状态。回族群体的居住融合格局与整个少数民族群体在四个辖区的分布状态基本上是一致的。藏族群体的居住融合格局变化不太显著,一直处于高度融合状态。3.少数民族文化、住房市场化改革以及城市化过程中的郊区化和旧城改造是影响西宁市城市居住融合格局演变的主要因素。

It is helpful for optimizing the urban living space to study the distribution pattern and integration of different ethnic groups within the city, which provides theoretical support for housing planning and community management. It is of great significance to promote the harmony of ethnic relations.Taking the city of Xining as an example, based on the demographic data from 2000 to 2015, the residential integration index method was used to analyze the evolution process of residential integration in two scales of cities and municipal districts. Influencing factors were analyzed. This research shows that:(1) On the scale of city, the integration of ethnic minority groups and Han people is in a moderate state, and the degree of integration is deepening. The Hui ethnic group shows a moderate state of integration, the degree of integration slowly declines, and the Tibetan ethnic group shows a high degree of integration, and the degree of integration continues to deepen.(2) On the level of municipal districts, the whole ethnic minority group is in a state of high integration except the eastern part of Chengdu. The residential integration pattern of the Hui ethnic group is basically consistent with the distribution of the whole ethnic minority group in the four jurisdictions. The change of residential amalgamation pattern of Tibetan group is not significant, and it has been in a highly amalgamated state.(3) Ethnic minority culture, housing market-oriented reform, suburbanization and old city transformation in the process of urbanization are the main factors affecting the evolution of urban residential amalgamation pattern in Xining.