北京市某体检中心成年体检人群听力筛查结果分析

Analysis of the results of hearing screening in physical examination in Beijing

目的分析北京市某体检中心成年体检人群听力筛查结果。方法对2018年3月至2019年11月8 439例成年体检者行听力筛查(500 Hz、1 000 Hz、2 000 Hz、4 000 Hz纯音气导测听),部分人群行听力确诊检查(250 Hz、500 Hz、1 000 Hz、2 000 Hz、4 000 Hz、8 000 Hz纯音骨气导测听)。对不同年龄组及不同性别人群听力损失患病率、部位、受损频率及类型应用SPSS 25.0统计软件进行分析。结果体检人群听力损失患病率为32.2%,患病率随年龄增加升高,男性患病率高于女性(40.1% 比 21.6%)。单频受损率男性高于女性,多频受损率女性高于男性(均P<0.001)。高频(4 000 Hz)受损率男性高于女性,中低频(500~2 000 Hz)受损率女性高于男性(均P<0.001)。行听力确诊检查743例,其中感音神经性听力损失占90.8%,传导性听力损失3.9%,混合性听力损失5.0%,其他0.3%。传导性听力损失主要集中在低龄组。结论体检人群听力损失患病率较高;不同年龄、性别人群听力损失特点不同。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of adult hearing loss.Methods From March 2018 to November 2019,8,439 adult physical examinees were screened for hearing(i.e.,500 Hz,1000 Hz,2000 Hz,and 4000 Hz pure tone air conduction audiometry),while some were examined for hearing diagnosis(i.e.,250 Hz,500 Hz,1,000 Hz,2,000 Hz,4000 Hz,and 8000 Hz pure tone bone air conduction audiometry).Prevalence,location,frequency and type of hearing loss in different age and gender groups were analyzed using SPSS 25.0.Results The prevalence of hearing loss was 32.2%,which increased with age.The prevalence in males was higher than that of females(40.1%vs.21.6%).The rate of single frequency damage was higher in male than in female,while the rate of multiple frequency damage was higher in women than in men(P<0.001).The high frequency(4000 Hz)damage rate in male was higher than that of females,while the low-middle frequency(500-2000 Hz)damage rate in females was higher than that of males(P<0.001).Sensorineural hearing loss accounted for 90.8%,while conductive hearing loss was 3.9%,mixed hearing loss was 5.0%,and others were 0.3%.Conductive hearing loss was mainly concentrated in the younger age group.Conclusion Physical examination population has a relatively high prevalence of hearing loss.The characteristics of hearing loss differed with age and gender.