三种植物精油的成分分析及其抑菌活性比较

Composition Analysis of Three Plant Essential Oils and Comparison of Their Antibacterial Activities

为比较柠檬草、茉莉花、姜黄三种植物精油的组成成分及其抑菌活性,本试验采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析样品成分,进而通过滤纸片法和梯度稀释法分析样品的抑菌能力。试验结果表明:姜黄精油主要特征成分为姜黄酮(12.87%)、芳姜黄酮(38.53%)和姜酮(20.36%),具有抑菌活性的成分包括莰烯(2.38%)等;柠檬草精油的主要成分为柠蒙烯(12.72%)、柠檬醛(8.52%)和异松油烯(17.53%),具有抑菌活性的成分包括柠檬醛(8.52%)等;茉莉精油的主要特征成分为芳樟醇(11.88%)、乙酸苄酯(9.31%)和肉桂醛(31.87%),具有抑菌活性的成分包括肉桂醛(31.87%)等。柠檬草精油、茉莉精油、姜黄精油对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径分别为20.10 mm、10.22 mm、7.84 mm,阳性对照的乳酸链球菌素抑菌圈直径则为13.40 mm。上述三种植物精油均包含具有一定抑菌活性的物质,且在抑菌圈试验中表现出抑菌性,与乳酸链球菌素相比,抑菌效果从强到弱依次为柠檬草精油>茉莉精油>姜黄精油。

In order to compare the constituents and antibacterial activities of three essential oils from lemongrass,jasmine and turmeric,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used in this experiment to analyze the composition of the samples,and then filtration with filter paper and serial dilution method were applied to examine the antibacterial ability of these samples.The experimental results indicated that the main characteristic components of turmeric essential oil were curcumin(12.87%),aromatic curcumin(38.53%)and gingerone(20.36%),with the antibacterial components including camphene(2.38%);The main components of lemongrass essential oil were limonene(12.72%),citral(8.52%)and terpinolene(17.53%),with citral(8.52%)being the antibacterial component;The main components of jasmine essential oil were linalool(11.88%),benzyl acetate(9.31%)and cinnamaldehyde(31.87%),with cinnamaldehyde(31.87%)as the component with antibacterial activity.The inhibition zone diameters of lemongrass essential oil,jasmine essential oil and turmeric essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus were 20.10 mm,10.22 mm and 7.84 mm,respectively,with that of the positive control Nisin being 13.40 mm.The above three essential oils all contained substances with certain antibacterial activities,and exhibited antibacterial properties in the inhibition zone test.Compared with Nisin,the inhibition effect decreased in order of lemongrass essential oil>jasmine essential oil>turmeric essential oil.