黑龙江省不同产地大米中几种重金属元素的检测及膳食风险评估

Detection and Dietary Risk Assessment of Several Heavy Metals in Rice from Different Origin in Heilongjiang Province

本文采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectromery,ICP-MS)对黑龙江省查哈阳、五常、方正、响水、建三江五大水稻主产区大米中的镉、铅、铬、砷四种元素含量进行检测分析,并以每月摄入量值(EMI)值以及铅的暴露边界比(MOE)评估该地区居民膳食中大米的镉、铅、铬、砷暴露情况。结果表明:镉含量总体平均值为0.0085 mg/kg,铅含量总体平均值为0.0040 mg/kg,铬的总体平均值为0.107 mg/kg,砷的总体平均值为0.114 mg/kg,变异系数范围为0.329~2.533,均在未超出国家标准。黑龙江省人群铅的暴露边界比为45.06~982.48;镉、铬、砷的每月摄入量分别介于0.171~3.221μg/kg·BW、11.773~26.491μg/kg·BW、22.596~31.394μg/kg·BW之间,分别占JECFA规定限值的0.6%~12.8%、46.7%~92.2%、1.5%~2.1%,均未超出JECFA规定的限值。黑龙江省五大主产区大米中镉、铅、砷、铬四种元素含量及人群摄入总体处于安全水平。

In this paper,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was used to analyze cadmium,lead,chromium and arsenic in rice which were collected from five major rice producing areas of Heilongjiang(Chahayang,Wuchang,Fangzheng,Xiangshui and Jiansanjiang).The contents of the four elements(cadmium,lead,chromium,and arsenic)were tested and analyzed,and the exposure to four elements in rice was evaluated by monthly intake value(EMI)and lead exposure boundary ratio(MOE)for the residents in this area.The results showed that the measured average contents of four element(cadmium,lead,chromium,and arsenic)were 0.85×10^-2 mg/kg,0.40×10^-2 mg/kg,1.07×10^-1 mg/kg and 1.14×10^-1 mg/kg,respectively,and the coefficient of variation range is 0.32~2.53,which is within the national standard.The exposure boundary ratio of lead in the population of Heilongjiang province was 45.06~982.48;the monthly intake of cadmium,chromium and arsenic were measured to be 0.17~3.22μg/kg·BW,11.77~26.49μg/kg·BW and 22.596~31.394μg/kg·BW,accounting for 0.6%~12.8%,46.7%~92.2%,1.5%~2.1%of the JECFA prescribed limits respectively,which did not exceed the JECFA prescribed limits.The content of cadmium,lead,arsenic and chromium in rice in the five major producing areas of Heilongjiang province and the population intake are generally at a safe level.