护生和新护士胜任力评价指标的分析

Analysis of competency evaluation indicators of nursing students and new nurses

[目的]对护生和新护士胜任力评价指标进行综合化分析,为选拔、评价、培养、考核护生和新护士胜任力提供科学依据,也为护理管理者人才选拔提供参考标准。[方法]检索The Cochrane Library、Medline、PubMed、CBM、中国知网(CNKI)、维普(VIP)和万方数据库。收集有关护生和新护士胜任力评价指标的研究,检索时限从建库至2019年12月。采用内容分析法对结果进行分析、归纳和整合。[结果]共纳入10篇文献,筛选出4个维度17个类别的评价指标:分别是知识(专业认知、伦理知识及应用)、能力(操作技能、医学与护理知识应用能力、支持能力、搜索能力、科研能力、专业建设与发展能力、护理管理、临床护理能力、沟通能力、监察能力、批判性思维和创新能力、社会能力)、个人特质(心理承受能力、态度、价值观)和动机(职业道德,职业素养、职业发展)。[结论]评价护生和新护士胜任力时应注重护理知识和综合能力的培养,激发职业动机,实现从护理基础理论向临床实践过渡,也为评价高质量护理人才提供依据。

Objective:To comprehensively analyze the competence evaluation indicators of nursing students and new nurses,to provide a scientific basis for the selection,evaluation,training,and assessment of the competence of nursing students and new nurses,and to provide reference standards for the selection of nursing managers.Methods:Literature related to the competency evaluation indicators of nursing students and new nurses were retrieved from Cochrane Library,Medline,PubMed,China Biology Medicine disc(CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,and Wanfang database,the search time limit was from the establishment of the database to December 2019.Use content analysis to analyze,summarize,and integrate the results.Results:A total of 10 papers were included,and 4 dimensions and 17 categories of evaluation indicators were screened:knowledge(professional cognition,ethical knowledge,and application);ability(operation skills,medical and nursing knowledge application ability,supportability,searchability,scientific research ability,professional construction and development ability,nursing management ability,clinical nursing ability,communication ability,supervision ability,critical thinking and innovation ability,and social ability);personal traits(mental capacity,attitude,and values),and motivation(professional ethics,professionalism,professional development).Conclusions:When evaluating the competence of nursing students and new nurses,the cultivation of nursing knowledge and comprehensive ability should be focused and the professional motivation should be stimulated,to realize the transition from basic nursing theory to clinical practice,also to provide a basis for evaluating high-quality nursing talents.