公共卫生危机背景下加快农民工市民化问题研究——从SARS危机到新冠肺炎疫情的反思和建议

On Speeding up the Citizenization of Migrant Workers from the Perspective of Public Health Crisis:Reflections on SARS and COVID-19 Epidemic and Suggestions

2003年SARS危机和2020年新冠肺炎疫情两次重大公共卫生危机,暴露出农民工市民化进程滞后是我国经济社会治理中的突出短板:农民工市民化滞后于规模城镇化,导致人口大规模流动,增加了疫情扩散的风险和防控难度;农民工定居城镇化滞后于劳动力城镇化,导致疫情后复工复产难度的增大;农民工县域城镇化水平远低于超、特大城市,导致流行病等疫情发生概率增大。吸取两次公共卫生危机经验教训,“十四五”时期的重要任务之一是系统破除城乡二元户籍制度、公共服务制度和土地制度这个“铁三角”,加快推进农民工市民化、定居化,彻底改变农民工作为劳动力的城镇化与作为消费者城镇化分离式的城镇化模式。

The two major public health crises,the SARS crisis in 2003 and the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020 reveal the lagging progress of citizenization as a prominent weakness in China’s economic and social governance.The citizenization of migrant workers lags behind scale urbanization,which leads to scale migration and further to increased risk of epidemic spread and difficulty in prevention and control.The settlement of migrant workers in cities and towns lags behind the urbanization of labor force,which leads to increased difficulty in resumption of work and production after the epidemic.The county level urbanization of migrant workers is far lower than super or mega city level,which leads to an increased probability of epidemic diseases.Drawing on the experience and lessons from the two public health crises,we believe that in the 14th five-year-plan period,it is essential to systematically break the“iron triangle”of urban-rural dual household registration,public service system and land system,to accelerate the urbanization and resettlement of migrant workers,and to completely change the“separate”urbanization model that distinguish migrant workers as labor from as consumers.