采矿未来——智能化5G N00矿井建设思考

The future of mining——thinking on intelligent 5G N00 mine construction

目前,国内外普遍采用的传统采煤方法为源自英国的长壁开采121工法体系(开采1个工作面,需要提前掘进2条巷道,留设1个煤柱),该采煤方法存在采掘分离、巷道掘进量大以及易造成工作面采掘失衡等问题;在掘进过程中,采用高强支护对抗矿山压力,易造成冒顶、冲击地压等灾害事故;在开采过程中,留设煤柱不仅浪费宝贵的煤炭资源,而且易造成地表不均匀沉降和生态环境损伤。为了解决上述问题,笔者提出了“切顶短臂梁”理论,利用矿山压力做功与垮落矸石碎胀特性,取消巷道掘进与煤柱留设。研发了配套核心技术与采留一体化装备,形成了无煤柱自成巷N00工法开采体系(开采N个工作面,0巷道掘进,0煤柱留设)。N00工法发展包括5个阶段(1G N00工法~5G N00矿井),利用采留一体化关键技术工艺体系和智能化装备系统,逐步实现“单侧自动成巷,取消采区回采巷道掘进→双侧自动成巷,取消采区准备巷道掘进→简化井底车场,取消大巷掘进→取消矿井通风,将瓦斯灾害变为天然气资源→融合双5G通讯技术,创建远程无人化智慧采矿模式”。同时,笔者还介绍了无煤柱自成巷1G N00工法在陕煤集团陕北矿业柠条塔煤矿的成功应用。

At present,the long-wall 121 mining method,which originates from the UK,is the conventional coal mining method commonly adopted at home and abroad.In other words,while 1 working face is mined,2 roadways should be tunneled in advance and 1 coal pillar should be set aside.The method had the problems such as mining and tunneling separation and large amount of roadway tunneling,which is easy to cause the mining imbalance of the working face;high strength support is used to resist mine pressure in the tunneling process,which is easy to cause disasters such as roof collapse and impact of ground pressure;coal pillars left during mining are easy to cause uneven surface settlement and environmental harm.In order to solve the above problems,the theory of short cantilever beam was proposed,which took advantage of mine pressure and the crushing and swelling characteristics of caved rocks,cancelled roadway tunneling and retaining coal pillar.In order to shape the N00 mining system of self-formed roadway without coal pillars,i.e.to mine N working faces,0 roadway tunneling,0 retaining coal pillars,the core technology matching and integrated mining and retaining equipment were developed.N00 mining method includes five stages(1G^5G).Using the key technology system of mining and retaining integration and intelligent equipment system,it has gradually realized"one side roadway automatic formation and roadway excavation in mining area cancellation(except boundary roadway)→bilateral roadway automatic formation and all roadway driving in mining area cancellation→shaft station simplification and main roadway driving cancellation→mine ventilation cancellation and the change of gas disaster to natural gas resources→double 5G communication technology combination and remote unmanned intelligent mining mode establishment without workers".Finally,the successful application of 1G N00 mining method in Ningtiaota Coal Mine of Northern Shaanxi Mining Co.,Ltd.of Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Industry Group was introduced.