价值形式辩证法讨论的贡献与困境——从巴克豪斯《价值形式的辩证法》出发的批判性反思

Contribution and Dilemma of Dialectics of Value Form:Critical Reflection on Hans-Deorg Backhaus's Pialectik Der Wertform

回顾西方20世纪60年代以来的价值形式讨论,特别是在“新辩证法学派”和“新马克思阅读”运动中,巴克豪斯的《价值形式的辩证法》是一篇具有里程碑意义的文献。货币-拜物教、经济范畴批判与二重化,是该文论述的三个关键词。基于《资本论》的结构,回顾马克思创作《资本论》的过程,价值形式的分析成为马克思批判资本主义生产方式的叙述起点。如果仅仅聚焦价值形式讨论《资本论》的方法,无法全面理解马克思对拜物教和资本主义物化现象的批判,难以彻底回应现代西方经济学对《资本论》方法的唯心主义指摘。从价值形式的辩证法直接过渡到资本主义国家的批判和当代资本主义经济全球化的分析,可能会导致剩余价值理论的缺位,从而无法真正把握当代资本主义的新变化,找到人类解放的现实路径。因此,有关《资本论》中辩证法的研究期待从更大的理论视野出发,揭示资本主义的本质及其在现实层面上的具体历史的呈现方式。

Reviewing the discussion of value form in the West since 1960s, especially in the movementof "new dialectics school" and "new Marx reading", Backhaus's Pialectik Der Wertform is a landmarkdocument. Money-fetishism, critique of economic category and duality of are the three key words inthis paper. Based on the structure of Das Kapital, reviewing the process of Marx's creation of it, the analysisof value form becomes the narrative starting point of Marx's criticism of capitalist production mode.The study of dialectics in Das Kapital is expected to reveal the essence of capitalism and its concrete historicalrealization at the realistic level from a larger theoretical "pattern".