论美国国家情报的社会化

On the Socialization of American National Intelligence

[目的/意义]情报社会化是人类情报历史演化的一个重要形态。美国借助世界经济一体化,在全球建立了庞大的国家情报社会化运作体系,但中国情报学界对美国国家情报的这类活动规律尚缺乏理论总结。[方法/过程]采用文献研究、实际观察与理论总结等方法对美国国家情报社会化的组织基础、活动规律、合法化本质,以及对目标国家安全治理的影响等进行了研究。[结果/结论]美国借助联邦政府的情报任务集成机制和多样化的社会化运作方式,采取情报任务确立、情报任务拆分、情报问题转化、情报身份假扮和情报任务错峰管理等措施,实现了在目标国家从事情报活动的社会化转变。这种情报社会化的本质是情报合法化,其通过引入社会侦察活动,重塑了传统的情报侦察理论,同时也给目标国家造成了国家安全治理的渔网困境。

[Purpose/Significance]Intelligence socialization is an important form in the intelligence history evolution.With the integration of the world economy,the United States has established a huge socialized operation system in the world for its national intelligence,while the Chinese intelligence community is still unfamiliar with the rules for the system.[Method/Process]The paper uses literature research,observation and theoretical summary methods to study the socialization of American national intelligence,its organization basis,activity rules,legitimate nature,and the impact on the national security governance in the target country are discussed.[Result/Conclusion]Under the leadership of the intelligence mission integration department and the intelligence socialization department,the intelligence agencies of the U.S.federal government have realized the intelligence socialization,which is essentially the intelligence legalization,after the steps of mission establishment,mission splitting,and conversion of intelligence issue,intelligence disguise and mission time-sharing management.The American intelligence socialization will reshape the reconnaissance theory,and bring about the Fishing Net Dilemma in the security governance of the target countries.