筒式液阻减振器动态特性模拟分析技术的发展

Simulation techniques for nonlinear dynamic characteristics of telescopic hydraulic dampers

为总结和分析汽车筒式液阻减振器的各类建模方法,将各类减振器模型归纳为物理参数模型、等效参数化模型以及非参数化模型等,分别阐述了其基本原理和关键问题。油液与弹性结构之间的非线性动力学耦合是物理参数建模方法的难点,采用结构有限元分析、计算流体动力学和流固耦合动力学等方法能够有效提高模型精度并减少对实验测试的依赖程度;等效参数化模型使用较少的模型参数,关键在于物理元件及其力学特性参数的选取;以恢复力曲线方法为代表的非参数化建模方法改进了减振器特性的传统表达方式,其难点是如何提高实验测试数据的利用率。建议中国应加强相关的理论探讨和应用研究。

The different modeling methods for automotive telescopic hydraulic dampers were classified as physical parameter, equivalent parameter and nonparametric types. The basic principles of each model type were analyzed. The most difficult part of any physical model is the nonlinear dynamic interaction between the oil and spring structures. The finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and fluidstructure interaction (FSI) methods have improved model precision but they all include empirical parameters. The equivalent parameter model uses less parameters, but the selection of elements and their corresponding parameters plays an important role in this modeling method. The restoring force surface method is a typical nonparametric method that greatly improves traditional analyses of damper performance, but further work is needed to make better use of test data. This paper also suggests that China strengthen the theoretical and practical research in this area.