从学科本位到综合职业能力:新中国职业教育人才培养的历史回眸与未来展望

From Subject-based to Comprehensive Vocational Ability:Historical Review and Prospect of Talents Cultivation of Vocational Education in China

根据我国经济社会发展的需要,新中国职业教育人才培养经历了从注重知识本位转向注重能力本位,再到发展综合职业能力的时代性变迁。在这一历史进程中,我国职业教育人才培养呈现出注重全人发展的价值取向、倡导校企合作的协同育人模式、优化理实兼顾的培养内容、坚持适应岗位需要的培养方式等特征。新时代,我国职业教育人才培养应提高政策的协同性、坚持全人发展的理念、实现理实的深度融合、形成多元化的办学格局,进而完善中国特色职业教育人才培养体系,为经济社会发展提供高质量的技术技能人才支撑。

According to the needs of economic and social development in China,the talent cultivation of vocational education in China has experienced a generational change from focusing on knowledge-based education to competency-based education,and then to develop comprehensive vocational abilities.In this historical process,the talent cultivation of vocational education in China shows the characteristics of paying attention to the value orientation of all-round development,advocating school-enterprise collaborative education model,optimizing the theory and practice coordination of training content,and adhering to the post adaptation of training mode.In the new era,the talent cultivation of vocational education in China should improve policy coordination,adhere to the concept of all-round development education,realize the deep penetration between theory and practice,form a diversified cultivating ways to improve the cultivation system of vocational education with Chinese characteristics,and provide high-quality technicians support for economic and social development.