油柰晚熟新品种‘仕坂晚柰’的选育

A new late-ripening Prunus salicina Lindl.var cordata cultivar‘Shiban wannai’

‘仕坂晚柰’是从古田县鹤塘镇西洋村柰李选种圃油柰中经无性系选育出来的晚熟油柰(Prunus salicina Lindl.var.cordata)新品种。果实近扁圆形,微凸,果实有空腔,果皮浅黄色或黄色带绿,果面光滑,果粉厚,成熟果肉为淡黄色,口味酸甜;平均单果质量为108.5 g,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为11.81%~12.50%,可滴定酸(以苹果酸计)含量为0.60%~0.76%,可食率为96.5%,富含抗氧化作用的功能物质。在福建古田(E119°09′39.01″,N 26°67′52.02″)8月中下旬—9月初成熟,成熟期比普通油柰晚20~25 d。具有较强的抗旱抗寒能力,适宜在福建省桃李适栽区种植,成年树每666.67 m^2产量可达2850 kg(每666.67 m^237株)。

‘Shiban wannai’is a late-ripening mutant,selection of clone from‘Younai’plum breeding nursery in 2000 at Xiyang village,Hetang town,Gutian county,Fujian province.In 2000,the mutant of late-ripening single plant was found,because the strain showed late-ripening,high quality,high yield,strong adaptability and stable excellent characters.From late-December,2000 to mid-February,2001,the high graft identification was carried out.In 2002,partial transplanting seedlings began to yield,and the identified individual mutants were directly introduced into the seed nurser.Since 2002,several pilot and core demonstration planting bases have been set up for this variety in different climatic regions of Fujian province.And biological characteristics observation,regional ecological adaptability study,fruit analysis,evaluation and key supporting cultivation techniques have been systematically carried out.On December 18,2019,it passed the fine seed certification of Fujian Forest Variety Certification Committee The fine seed is called‘Shiban wannai’(No.S-SV-PS-026-2019).‘Shiban wannai’is a small deciduous tree(4-5 m),leaf blade is long obovate-lanceolate,bisexual flowers,mainly short fruit branch and bouquet fruit branch results,belongs to the class of stone fruit,thin skin,shiny oil,near the fruit top or the base of scattered oil.Yellowish-green at maturity,with a thick pink and half separated from the nucleus,a prominent nuclear cavity forms near the nucleus during fruit development.Most of the seed embryos in the fruit nucleus were degenerated and became hollow grains,and most of them had no germinating ability.Fruit nearly oblate,slightly convex,fruit cavity empty,skin light yellow or yellow with green,fruit surface smooth,thick fruit powder,mature pulp is light yellow,sour and sweet taste.The average individual fruit weight is 108.5 g,the edible rate is 96.5%,666.67 m^2 yield up to 2850 kg(37 plants per 666.7 m^2).The titratable acid(as malic acid)is 0.60%-0.76%,the pH is 3.85-4.07,and the soluble solid content was 11.81%-12.50%.The fruit was rich in antioxidant functional substances and rich in polyphenols,with relatively high catechins(22.45-26.32 mg·kg^-1),caffeic acid(4.76-6.37 mg·kg^-1)and vanillic acid(7.67-8.52 mg·kg^-1).The ripening stage of the fruit is from mid to late August to early September.The maturity period is 20-25 days later than that of parental‘Younai’.It has strong drought resistance and cold resistance.This cultivar is suitable for planting in peach and plum planting area of Fujian province.Orchard should choose at an altitude of 350-1000 m sunny slope and the ground.The year of and effective accumulated temperature is equal or greater than 3630-7200℃.1000-1800 mm rainfall subtropical Climatic zone,can be cultivated.In particular,the leeward sunny slope of 450-750 with high terrain,deep soil and fertile soil is preferred.Seedlings should choose peach rootstock winter and spring seedlings.Hole gauge 1.2 m×1.2 m×0.8 m.According to the nature of heart-shaped,young trees should be long light cut.After the results,the three-dimensional tree potential was cultivated by thinning.Pay attention to pest control and clear the garden in winter.