一个人的百年史--略论王元化思想的内在紧张及其原因

An Individual's History of a Hundred Years:On the Inner Tension in the Thought of WANG Yuan-hua and Its Reasons

王元化先生思想的一个重要特色是极富于内在紧张。这种内在紧张体现在学术与思想、理性的规范性与有限性、个人意识与群体意识,以及五四与后五四、德先生与赛先生的两面、“人民”的歧义、意图伦理与责任伦理、儒家的两难性、中国传统的黑暗与光明等方面。内在紧张一方面是时代赋予思想者的特色,另一方面,内在紧张及其未能解决的问题提供了时代思想探索的潜能。至于其中的原因,黑格尔式的思维训练、学术渊源的多重背景与资源是主要方面。他是党内少有的兼有传统国学、俄苏文学理论、德国古典哲学及自由主义政治经济思想背景(追随顾准与孙冶方)以及欧美日本汉学因缘的理论工作者。此外,其特立独行的个性与自由精神也是一个原因。他说他是永远的单干户,不参加互助组,也不加入合作社,就是为了保持思想上的内在张力与人格上的独立自由。但除此之外,可以再提出一个理由,即每个重要的思者,其实都是时代的大脑与良知。王元化先生的思维特质跟中国20世纪的历史有很大的关系。一个人的百年史,即从他的身上,我们可以复杂地理解20世纪中国。

Mr.WANG Yuan-hua's thought is characterized by its strong inner tension between various elements,including academics and thought,the normativeness and limitedness of reason,individual consciousness and group consciousness,the May 4 th spirit and the post May 4 th spirit,democracy and science,the ambiguous meanings of“people”,the ethics of conviction and the ethics of responsibility,the dilemma of Confucianism,the darkness and brightness of Chinese tradition and so on.On the one hand,the inner tension in thought is originated from the time;on the other hand,the inner tension together with the problems remain unsolved provides intellectual potentiality for the time.The inner tension in WANG can be traced back to his training in the Hegelian way of thinking and his multiple academic origins and resources.He was a rare theorist in the Party embracing comprehensive academic backgrounds of traditional Chinese learnings,Russian literary theories,German classic philosophy and liberalist thought of politics and economics(as a follower of GU Zhun and SUN Ye-fang),as well as Western and Japanese sinology.In addition,his free and independent personality also led to the inner intension.He once said that he was an individual thinker who would join neither an organization nor a cooperative society so as to maintain the inner dynamic in thought and independence and freedom in personality.The last but not the least,every influential thinker functions as the mind and conscience of the time.The features of WANG's thinking were closely related to the Chinese history in the 20 th century.By examining his personal history of a hundred years,we can understand the complex history of the 20 th century in China.