全球化背景下日本粮食安全的维护及启示

Maintenance and Enlightenment of Japan’s Food Security in the Context of Globalization

日本是一个典型的人多地少的国家,也是世界第一大粮食进口国.日本面临的粮食安全问题主要表现为"四减一老".对此,日本政府颁布了一系列的法律法规,长期实行保护国内农业和高额补贴的政策,并积极进行海外屯田等.日本政府的做法体现了发展型国家的特征,即坚持"发展型国家"理念的政府一般主张有指导或干预的市场经济体制,政府主导市场的发展模式具有优越性.面对市场调节的风险和不确定性,奉行"发展型国家"理念的日本政府力图在经济利益与国家安全、市场调节与政府干预之间找到平衡,从而维护日本的粮食安全.

Japan is a typical country with more people and less land,and it is also the world’s largest food importer.Japan’s food security problems are mainly manifested as"four minus one old".In response,the Japanese government has promulgated a series of laws and regulations,long-term implementation of policies to protect domestic agriculture and high subsidies,and actively carries out overseas farming.The Japanese government’s approach reflects the characteristics of a developmental state,that is,a government that adheres to the concept of a"developmental state"generally advocates a market economy system with guidance or intervention,and the governmentled market development model is superior.Facing the risks and uncertainties of market regulation,the Japanese government,which pursues the concept of a"developmental state",seeks to find a balance between economic interests and national security,and a balance between market regulation and government intervention to maintain Japan’s food security.