构式化和语法化的异同:以汉语增量比较构式“越来越……”的演变为例

A Study on the Distinction between Grammaticalization and Constructionalization:The Chinese Comparative Incremental Construction

文章在Traugott和Trousdale(2013)的构式化理论基础上梳理了该理论的主要观点,并给出了当前构式化理论研究的最新概览。文章认为构式化是在语法化理论基础上的创新,因此,语法化理论对语言演变的主要分析同样也适用于构式化,如语言演变的渐变性、重新分析、语境及词频的重要性等。同时,构式化在形式和意义的综合演变、功能的扩展、图式网络以及多重来源的可能性等方面做出了创新。文章从构式化角度论述了“越来越……”(汉语增量比较构式)的产生和发展。大多数前人研究均基于语法化理论,主要关注句法结构的演变,然而构式化的架构强调形式和意义的综合分析。基于构式化,文章认为“越……越……”(关联比较构式)和“越来越……”(增量比较构式)是两个不同的构式,而非同一构式的两个类型。文章梳理了“越来越……”的演变轨迹,并认为“越……越……”并非其唯一来源,因此“越来越……”的发展应考虑构式网络的重组及多重来源的重要性。

This article reviews the latest research on constructionalization(Traugott&Trousdale 2013).As an innovation based on the grammaticalization theory,constructionalization shares commonalities with grammaticalization,such as the gradual language evolution,reanalysis,the importance of context and frequency and many more.At the same time,the architecture of construction grammar requires that linguistic analysis be approached with both form and meaning in mind.Accordingly,constructionalization explores the comprehensive change of both form and meaning,schematic network of constructions as well as the possibility of multiple sources.This article addresses the emergence and development of the Chinese incremental comparative construction[yuelaiyue...]from the perspective of constructionalization,and argues that the correlative comparative construction[yue...yue...]and the incremental comparative construction[yuelaiyue...]are two different constructions,rather than the same one in two types.We also point to the importance of considering network reorganization and multiple sources in the development of the incremental comparative construction.