生计资本视域下藏区扶贫开发与乡村振兴多维协调推进路径--以迪庆藏族自治州为例

Multi-dimensional Coordinated Promotion Path of Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization in Tibetan Region from the Perspective of Livelihood Capital——A Case Study of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

从生计资本视域出发,厘清“生计资本、扶贫开发和乡村振兴”的内在逻辑,以集山区、边疆、民族及贫困于一体的迪庆藏族自治州为例,构建生计资本多维评价指标体系,剖析藏区生计资本特征,从自然、物质、金融、社会和人力五个维度针对性地提出藏区扶贫开发与乡村振兴多维协调推进路径.研究表明:(1)扶贫开发与乡村振兴具有时间序列衔接性和空间分布重叠性,生计资本是扶贫开发与乡村振兴的主要支撑,而扶贫开发与乡村振兴是生计资本富集的动力.(2)2008—2019年迪庆藏族自治州综合生计资本稳步增长,但质量较低,结构不合理;分项资本中,自然资本波动较大,比较优势显著,是经济社会赖以发展的根基;金融资本增长迅速,物质资本增长稳定,是扶贫开发与乡村振兴持续协调推进的重点;社会资本增长缓慢,人力资本增长乏力,是制约扶贫开发与乡村振兴持续协调推进的短板.(3)藏区可总体依循“固自然资本根基—抓金融和物质资本重点—补社会和人力资本短板”的多维协调路径,发挥自然资本优势,夯实物质资本基础,激发金融资本活力,完善社会资本保障,强化人力资本支撑,促进分项资本间的有益转化,提高综合生计资本质量,优化综合生计资本结构,为常态化推进扶贫开发与实施乡村振兴战略提供生计支撑.

From the perspective of livelihood capital,this paper clarifies the internal logic of livelihood capital,poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.Taking Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as a case,the study constructs a multi-dimensional evaluation index system of livelihood capital,and puts forward the multi-dimensional coordinated promotion path of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization in Tibetan region from five dimensions.The results show that:(1)Poverty alleviation development and rural revitalization have time series convergence and spatial distribution overlap.Livelihood capital is the main support of poverty alleviation development and rural revitalization.Meanwhile,poverty alleviation development and rural revitalization are the driving force of livelihood capital enrichment.(2)The total livelihood capital of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture increased steadily,but the quality was low and the structure was unreasonable;Among the sub items of capital,natural capital was the foundation of economic and social development of Tibetan region;The rapid growth of financial capital and the stable growth of physical capital were the key points of sustainable coordinated promotion of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization;The slow growth of social capital and weak growth of human capital are the short boards that restrict the coordinated development of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.(3)Tibetan region follows the multi-dimensional coordination path of"strengthening the foundation of natural capital-focusing on financial and material capital-making up the short board of social and human capital".