青藏高原东缘高原鼢鼠分布区的环境因子特征研究

Study on characteristics of environmental factor affecting distribution of plateau zokor in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

物种分布是物种对环境长期适应和选择的结果,研究物种分布对于了解种群特征以及种群与环境的关系有特殊意义。为客观反映高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)地理分布范围,并探讨高原鼢鼠分布与环境因子的关系,在青藏高原东缘实地调查238处高原鼢鼠分布点,并从WorldClim和SoilGrid数据库分别选取19个气候变量和4个土壤变量,分析高原鼢鼠分布区的环境因子特征。结果表明:高原鼢鼠主要分布在E 100°~102°、N 34°~36°N以及海拔3000~4000 m的高寒草甸区;青藏高原温度日较差、最暖月最高温、最湿季平均温、最暖季平均温、年均降水量、最湿月降水量以及最湿季降水量是影响高原鼢鼠分布的主要气候因子,高原鼢鼠分布与这些气候因子均表现出单峰响应关系。此外,高原鼢鼠分布与土壤因子(土壤水分含量、土壤容重、土壤粘粒含量和土壤砂粒含量)也表现出单峰响应关系。

Species distribution pattern is the result of long-term adaption and selection between the species and environmental factors.The study on species distribution is very important to understand the population characteristics and relationship between species and environment.In order to explore the geographical distribution of plateau zokor and the relationship with ecological factors,we investigated 238 distribution sites of plateau zokor in Tibet Plateau,and selected data of 19 climate variables and 4 soil variables from WorldClim and SoilGridto database to analyze the effect of environmental factors on the distribution of plateau zokor.The results showed that plateau zokors distributed in the alpine meadow ranging from 100~102°E and 34~36°N,and the area with elevation of 3000~4000 m.The mean temperature diurnal range,max temperature of warmest month,mean temperature of wettest quarter and warmest quarter,annual precipitation,precipitation of wettest month and wettest quarter were main climatic factors affecting the distribution of plateau zokor.We also found that there were unimodal relationships between plateau zokor distribution and the soil factors(soil moisture,soil bulk density,soil clay content and soil sand content).