河北省2018—2019年肾综合征出血热流行特征分析

Epidemic characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Hebei province from 2018 to 2019

目的分析河北省肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的疫情动态,了解宿主动物情况,为HFRS的防控提供科学依据。方法收集河北省2018—2019年HFRS病例和宿主动物监测资料,应用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2018—2019年河北省共报告HFRS病例1 041例,年平均发病率为0.694 4/10万;死亡1例,年平均病死率为0.18%。河北省HFRS病例主要集中在秦皇岛、唐山及承德市,占病例总数的88.86%。全年各月均有报告病例,具有明显的春夏季流行高峰,发病高峰在3-6月。HFRS病例多为25~70岁农民,男女比例为2.52∶1。2018—2019年鼠密度从2.06%下降至1.87%;居民区鼠带毒率由2.90%下降至2.79%,野外鼠带毒率均为0。居民区鼠带毒率前3位的地区分别是承德、秦皇岛和唐山市。病毒基因分型均为家鼠型。结论河北省2018—2019年HFRS疫情较平稳,应加强对高发地区及重点人群的监测。

Objective In order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS),the epidemic and the host animal situation of Hebei province was analyzed. Methods The data of HFRS cases and host animal surveillance in Hebei province during 2018-2019 was collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method. Results A total of 1 041 cases of HFRS were reported,with an average annual incidence of 0.694 4 per 100 000 in Hebei province from 2018 to 2019.There was 1 death case and the average annual fatality rate was 0.18%. The HFRS cases were mainly concentrated in Qinhuangdao,Tangshan and Chengde city,accounted for 88.86%. The HFRS cases were reported in every month and peaked from March to June. Most cases of HFRS were farmers,and aged in 25 to 75 years old. The ratio of males to females was 2.52 ∶ 1. From 2018 to 2019,the density of rodents decreased from 2.06% to 1.87%. The virus-carrying rate of rats in residential areas decreased from 2.90% to 2.79%,and it was 0 in fields. The top three regions with higher virus-carrying rate of rats in residential areas were Chengde,Qinhuangdao and Tangshan. The virus genotype was all belong to SEO type.Conclusion The epidemic situation of HFRS was relatively stable from 2018-2019 in Hebei province. The surveillance of high-risk regions and key population should be strengthened.