呼吸道感染患者病原体核酸检测结果分析

Analysis of pathogens detection in the patients with respiratory tract infection

目的分析北京大兴地区呼吸道感染患者常见病原体的检测结果。方法收集2019年间首都医科大学大兴教学医院3 180名急性呼吸道感染患者的咽拭子样本,采用双扩增技术检测7种常见呼吸道病原体,包括甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒、副流感病毒、肺炎支原体和肺炎衣原体。结果呼吸道病原体检出率为20.09%,其中甲型流感病毒检出率最高,其次为肺炎支原体,检出率最低的是肺炎衣原体。各年龄组检出率不同,0~10岁及11~20岁年龄组病原体检出率较高,分别为38.89%和40.11%;各年龄组主要病原体构成有差异,21~40岁检出率最高的是肺炎支原体,其他各年龄组检出率最高的均为甲型流感病毒。各季节检出率不同,差异有统计学意义(χ2=85.67,P <0.05),冬季病原体检出率最高,为26.12%;各季节主要病原体构成有差异,春季检出较多的是甲型流感病毒和乙型流感病毒,冬季检出最多的是甲型流感病毒,夏、秋季检出最多的是肺炎支原体。结论北京市大兴区比较常见的呼吸道感染病原体是甲型流感病毒和肺炎支原体,冬春季为感染高峰期。

Objective To analyze the distribution of common pathogens in patients with respiratory infection in Daxing District,Beijing. Methods A total of 3 180 nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with acute respiratory infection were collected in Daxing Teaching Hospital,Capital Medical University in 2019,and 7 common respiratory pathogens were detected by double amplification technology,including influenza A virus(FluA),influenza B virus(FuB),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),adenovirus(AdV),parainfluenza virus(PIV),Mycoplasmal pneumonia(MP)and Chlamydia pneumoniae(Cpn). Results The positive rate of respiratory pathogens was 20.09%,mainly FluA,followed by MP,and the lowest detection was Cpn. The different age group had different positive rate,the positive rate was higher in 0-10 and 11-20 age group,which was 38.89% and 40.11%.MP was found to be the most common pathogen in 21-40 age group,while FluA was found to be the most in the other age groups. The positive rate of each season was different and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=85.67,P < 0.05).The positive rate was highest in winter,up to 26.12%. The distribution of pathogens varied from season to season,FluA and FluB were detected more in spring,and FluA was detected most in winter,and MP was detected most in summer and autumn. Conclusion The more common pathogen in Daxing District was FluA and MP,with the peak in winter and spring.