从艾滋病到新冠肺炎:新发病毒性传染病流行现状概述

From AIDS to COVID-19:the prevalence of emerging viral infectious diseases

近年来,由于人类与动物之间复杂的相互作用以及地球生态系统的变化,新发和再发传染病流行加剧。越来越多的病毒性传染病,如流行性感冒、艾滋病、严重急性呼吸综合征、中东呼吸综合征在全球范围内流行;2020年,新冠肺炎疫情暴发。新发病毒性传染病成为公共卫生系统必须面对的巨大挑战。了解和认识新发病毒性传染疾病的特征、防控和疫苗的研发尤为重要。本文介绍了艾滋病、严重急性呼吸综合征以及新冠肺炎等病毒性传染病的传播特性、防控和疫苗研发现状,为更好地进行疫情防控提供参考。

In recent years,due to the complex interaction between humans and animals,as well as changes in the earth ecosystem,the prevalence of emerging and re-emergiing infectious diseases has increased. More and more emerging viral infectious diseases such as influenza,AIDS,severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS),Middle East respiratory syndrome,etc. had spread all over the world. In 2020,COVID-19 spread rapidly and widely. The emerging viral infectious diseases had become a huge challenge that the public health system must to be face. It is particularly important to understand the characteristics,prevention and control,the development of vaccine of the emerging viral infectious diseases. This article introduced the transmission characteristics of viral infectious diseases such as AIDS,SARS,and COVID-19,prevention and control,and the current status of vaccine research,providing references for better epidemic prevention and control.