论大学章程修改的核准——基于教育部对13所大学章程修改批复的分析

On the Approval of University Charter’s Amendment:An Analysis on the Ministry of Education’s Replies to the Charters’Amendments of 13 Universities

经有权机关依法核准是大学章程产生法律效力的必备要件和必经程序。制定大学章程如此,修改大学章程亦如此。虽然对大学章程修改的核准属于行政许可,但不宜与一般的行政许可等量齐观。在程序和表现形式上,大学章程修改的核准应同章程制定时的核准保持连贯性和一致性,以适应大学章程的特殊性。保持大学章程的效力不减,不宜另行采用"批复式"核准方式。大学章程修改的核准应回归"核准书式"核准,在区分联动型修改和自主型修改的基础上,分别适用核准的一般程序和简易程序,同时要合理安排核准期限,最终以章程修改核准书的形式对章程修正案予以核准。

The approval by the competent organs in accordance with the law is a necessary condition and procedure for the legal effect of the university charter,which should be done in the formulation of university charter and in the amendment of university charter.Although the approval of the university charter’s amendment belongs to the administrative license,it should not be equal to the general administrative license.In order to adapt to the particularity of the university charter and maintain its effectiveness,the approval of university charter’s amendment should be consistent with the approval when the charter was formulated in terms of procedure and manifestation,and it is not appropriate to adopt the approval of“reply form”.The approval of university charter’s amendment should return to the“approval certificate form”.On the basis of distinguishing between the linkage modification and autonomous modification,the general procedure and summary procedure of approval shall be applied respectively.At the same time,the time limit for approval should be reasonably arranged,and the amendments should be approved in the form of approval certificate.