大兴安岭地区2001-2019年地表温度时空分布及影响因素分析

Spatio-temporal Distribution of Surface Temperature and Its Influencing Factors in Daxing’an Mountains from 2001 to 2019

作为分析区域尺度上气候变化特征的重要参数,地表温度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)可反映地表能量及水分循环过程。研究地处我国高纬度且对于生态环境敏感的大兴安岭地区,选取2001-2019年期间LST的相关数据进行分析。利用MODIS LST产品和研究区内气象站点实测值,通过线性回归及皮尔森相关分析等方法,探讨LST时空分布情况及其与地形和气象因子的关系。结果表明,研究区近19 a的LST具有由西北向东南递增的趋势,年均值在1~3℃的区域占63%,月均最高和最低值分别为38.93℃和-27.80℃。LST具有“升高-降低-升高-降低”波动上升的特征,秋、冬两季气候倾向率相对于春夏季高,为0.265℃/a和0.871℃/a,呈现干暖化的趋势。LST的升降过程会受到地形、空气湿度、污染物含量和太阳辐射等因子综合影响,其中海拔、气温和降水量为主控因素,平均水气压和日照时数次之。研究结果可为大兴安岭地区气候资源利用和维护生态平衡提供科学依据。

As an important parameter to analyze the characteristics of climate change on the regional scale,land surface temperature(LST)can reflect the process of surface energy and water cycle.In order to study climate change in Daxing’an Mountains,which is located in high latitude and sensitive to ecological environment in China,LST data from 2001 to 2019 were selected for analysis.Using MODIS LST products and the measured values of meteorological stations in the study area,the temporal and spatial distribution of LST and its relationship with topography and meteorological factors were discussed by means of linear regression and Pearson correlation analysis.The results showed that the LST of the study area had a trend of increasing from northwest to southeast in the past 19 years.The area with an average annual value of 1-3℃accounts for 63%,and the highest and lowest monthly average values were 38.93℃and-27.80℃,respectively.LST had the characteristics of“increase-decrease-increase-decrease”.The climate tendency rate of autumn and winter was higher than that of spring and summer,which was 0.265℃/a and 0.871℃/a,showing the trend of dry and warm.The rise and fall process of LST would be affected by terrain,air humidity,pollutant content and solar radiation,among which altitude,temperature and precipitation were the main control factors,and the average water pressure and sunshine hours took second places.The results provide scientific basis for the utilization of climate resources and the maintenance of ecological balance in Daxing’an Mountains.