建设工程价款优先受偿权之主体辨析

Discrimination and Analysis of the Subject of the Right of Priority Compensation for Construction Project Price

《最高人民法院关于审理建设工程施工合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释(二)》由最高人民法院审判委员会第1751次会议通过,并自2019年2月1日起施行。该司法解释的出台,在很大程度上解决了建设工程施工合同中存在的法律问题,其目的是为了避免不符合资格的主体滥用诉讼权利,从源头避免建设工程中的转包分包现象。但在"承包人"这样一个模糊的主体概念运用下,建设工程中之分包人是否享有优先受偿权不清晰,但在发包人知情情况下应当赋予其承包人地位便于其权利行使;实践中实际施工人的优先受偿权基于规范市场的宏观考量应当被限缩而不是被默许;装饰装修工程承包人因其本身的工程性质角度考量,被赋予的优先受偿权主体地位并不合理;建设工程之相关价款优先受偿权应当认定为一种法定抵押权,建设工程之债权转让之受让人依法应当享有优先受偿权。

The Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on the Application of Law in the Trial of Construction Contract Dispute Cases(2) was adopted by the Supreme People’s Court Judicial Committee at the 1751 st meeting and will be implemented as of February 1, 2019. The promulgation of this judicial interpretation has largely solved the legal problems in the construction contract of the construction project. Its purpose is to avoid the abuse of litigation rights by unqualified parties and to avoid the subcontracting of construction projects from the source. However, under the application of a vague subject concept such as"contractor", it is unclear whether the subcontractor in the construction project enjoys the priority right to compensation, but the contractor should be given the status of the contractor to facilitate the exercise of his rights. The priority of the actual builder’s priority compensation right based on the regulated market should be restricted rather than tacit. The contractor of the decoration project is considered to be unreasonable because of its own engineering nature. The right of priority compensation for the relevant price of construction projects shall be recognized as a statutory mortgage right, and the assignee of the transfer of creditor’s rights of construction projects shall enjoy the right of priority compensation according to law.