权力结构视角下城市社区居民自治困境的生成与破解分析

Analysis on the Generation and Resolution of Urban Community Residents'Autonomy Dilemma under the Perspective of Power Structure

城市社区秩序的达成离不开居民的参与,不同主体主导权力会塑造出差异化的自治效果。实践中,少数精英因具有资源资本优势、擅长运动式的维权抗争而易形成精英主导型自治。然而,精英主导型自治易陷入精英寡头化、谋利化、派性化、悬浮化与对常态化的生活型事务介入不足等困境,从而导致居民自治蜕变为精英自治。精英主导型自治困境的形成原因在于精英—普通居民二元权力结构。面对分散的、原子化的普通居民,少数精英会运用形式代表制获取权力,此外,精英与普通居民之间因缺乏进行有效沟通的中间媒介从而易造成精英悬浮。因此,破解城市社区自治困境的路径在于构建精英—中间居民—普通居民三层权力结构,中间居民扮演着关键角色,既对少数精英予以监督规约,又对普通居民进行组织动员,还处于与物业、政府沟通的节点位置。为了进一步推动中间居民“中坚化”,需要对其进行识别、动员与培育,以此增强中间居民的能力、权力与动力,从而促进城市社区居民自治。

Participation of residents is the most important part in the realization of urban community order,and dominant power in different subject shape differentiated autonomy effect.In practice,a minority of elites tend to elite-dominated autonomy for their advantages in resources and capital,and the characteristics is good at sports-style rights defense,while prone to fall into the dilemma of elite oligarchy,profit-making,factionalism,suspension and insufficient intervention in normal life affairs,which make resident autonomy into elite autonomy,nevertheless,it is caused by the dual power structure of elite-ordinary residents.A minority of elites would like to acquire power through formal representation system when facing decentralized atomized ordinary residents,additionally,the absence of effective communication medium between elite and ordinary residents is likely to form elite suspension.To crack the dilemma of urban community autonomy,a three-tier power structure of elite-middle resident-ordinary resident should be constructed,in which the intermediate residents would hold a key position,not only supervising and regulating the elites,but organizing and mobilizing ordinary residents,and are also at the contract point for communication with property and government.Meanwhile,to further push forward their centralization,the middle residents should be identified,mobilized and cultivated to enhance the ability,power and motivation,and then promote the development of urban community residents'autonomy.