后扶贫时代的新贫困治理:社会工作的定位与角色——一个长程的比较视野

New Poverty Governance in the Post-poverty Alleviation Era:The Positioning and Role of Social Work--A Long-term Comparative Perspective

后扶贫时代的来临预示着长期困扰中国农村绝对贫困问题的消失,但并不意味着贫困的终结。基于后扶贫时代不仅是时间节点而且是贫困治理的结构性变化这一判断,从呈现主体、表现形式与风险特征三个方面阐释了后扶贫时代的新贫困样态。新贫困治理挑战了社会工作在脱贫攻坚阶段业已形成的治理优先、效率至上、社会干预的传统思路和实务指向。进入后扶贫时代,作为专业反贫困的重要力量,社会工作需要回到专业内部寻找资源和支撑,重新定位自我角色,在回归服务、回归个体、回归专业的同时,应当更新发展模式、转换理论预设、调整干预手段,以回应新贫困治理的需要。

The advent of the post-poverty alleviation era heralds the disappearance of absolute poverty that has plagued China's rural areas for a long time,but it does not mean the end of poverty.Based on the judgment that the post-poverty alleviation era is not only a time node,but also a structural change in poverty governance,the new poverty pattern of the post-poverty alleviation era is explained from the main body,manifestation and characteristics of risk.It challenges the traditional thinking and practical methods of social work,which refer to governance priority,efficiency first,and social intervention that have formed in the process of the poverty alleviation.As an essential force for professional anti-poverty,social work needs to return to the professional to find resources and support,and reposition its role in the post-poverty era.What's more,it is important for social work to return to service,return to the individual,and return to the professional,at the same time,in order to respond to the new poverty governance in the post-poverty era,it is necessary to update the development model,change the theoretical presets and adjust intervention methods.