基于RIR-MOO的定制产品优化设计方法研究

Research on optimization design method of customized product based on RIR-MOO

大规模定制是未来产品制造的发展方向,以低成本快速响应客户的个性化需求是定制产品设计的关键。以往对定制产品设计的研究缺少从个性化需求到产品参数的流程化设计指导方法,无法从定制产品个性化的客户需求出发,快速地关联设计目标并指导产品参数的设计。为此,提出了基于RIR-MOO(relative importance ratings and multiobjective optimization,相对重要性等级-多目标优化)的定制产品优化设计方法,从客户需求出发,将关键需求映射到相关的设计目标,再通过多目标优化(multi-objective optimization,MOO)方法快速求解产品参数,实现定制产品的快速响应和优化设计。首先,针对模糊、动态变化的客户需求,利用加权区间粗糙集分析方法对客户需求进行客观分析,排除争议性大的模糊需求,同时计算不同客户需求的相对权重,得到其相对重要性等级(relative importance ratings,RIR);然后,提出一种基于转换矩阵的客户需求与设计目标关联的方法,根据关键需求与设计目标的关联度以及关键需求的RIR,对关键需求与设计目标进行匹配,实现关键需求到设计目标的转换;最后,基于MOO方法对设计目标对应的产品参数进行优化设计,实现约束条件下定制产品的多目标优化。以汽车发动机活塞机构优化设计为例,对基于RIR-MOO的优化设计方法的可行性进行验证。结果表明,所提出的方法可以快速响应定制产品的客户需求并指导其优化设计,可为定制化产品制造企业提供指导。

Mass customization is the development direction of future product manufacturing.Quickly responding to customers'individual needs at low cost is the key to customized products design.Previous researches on customized product design lacked a flow-oriented design guidance method from individualized needs to product parameter,which led to the inability to quickly associate design targets and guided the design of product parameters from the individualized customer needs of customized products.For this reason,a optimization design method of customized product based on the RIR-MOO(relative importance ratings and multi-objective optimization)was proposed.Based on the customer needs,the key needs were mapped to the related design targets,and the product parameters were quickly calculated through the multi-objective optimization(MOO)method to realize the fast response and optimized design of customized products.Firstly,aiming at the fuzzy and dynamic customer needs,the weighted interval rough set analysis method was used to objectively analyze the customer needs of customized products to eliminate the controversial fuzzy needs,and the relative weights of different customer needs were calculated to obtain the relative importance ratings(RIR).Then,a correlation method between customer needs and design targets was proposed based on the conversion matrix.According to the correlation between key needs and design targets and the RIR of the key needs,the key needs were matched with the design targets to achieve the conversion of the key needs into the design targets.Lastly,the product parameters corresponding to design targets were optimized based on the MOO method to achieve the multi-objective optimization of the customized product.The feasibility of the optimization design method based on the RIR-MOO was verified by an optimization design example of the automobile engine piston mechanism.The results show that the proposed method can quickly respond to customer needs of customized products and guide their optimization design,which can provide guidance for customized manufacturing enterprises.