舌骨骨折法医学意义的系统回顾

Forensic significance of hyoid fracture:A systematic review

舌骨骨折是法医尸检中的重要发现,与死亡原因和案件性质关系密切。除机械性窒息外,坠落、摔跌、交通事故、颈部遭受钝性外力打击、枪击、爆炸等致伤过程中的直接或间接创伤机制均可造成舌骨骨折。年龄、性别、醉酒、复苏可能是影响舌骨骨折发生的重要因素。本文系统综述了舌骨骨折的原因、机制及影响因素,特别是非机械性窒息原因的舌骨骨折,以期为法医病理学死因鉴定及案件性质分析提供科学依据,并引起医疗工作者对舌骨骨折的更多关注。

Hyoid fracture is an important discovery in forensic autopsy,which is closely related to the cause and the manner of death.In addition to mechanical asphyxia,the direct and indirect trauma mechanism in the process of falls from the height;falls from the standing position;traffic accidents;assaults involving blunt force trauma to the head and neck;incised wounds;gunshot wounds;and explosion and so on can cause hyoid fracture.Age,sex,alcoholism,resuscitation and the height of falls may be important factors affecting the occurrence of hyoid fracture.In order to infer the cause and manner of death in forensic pathology,and to arouse more attention to hyoid fracture in emergency treatment,this article systematically reviewed the causes,mechanisms and influencing factors of hyoid fracture,especially hyoid fracture with non-mechanical asphyxia.