韩国、新加坡国有经济:发展历程和经验启示

SOEs in ROK and Singapore:Development and Experience

韩国和新加坡是二战后成功实现赶超发展的亚洲国家,其经济发展经验值得其他后发国家借鉴,特别是在国有企业的使用上。两国在实现独立后,为促进经济发展和推动工业化进程,都曾大量建立国有企业。本文通过梳理两国国有经济的发展历程,在可靠的历史数据基础上总结出三点启示:低收入和处在工业化早期的国家,应发挥好国有企业的作用,加大政府在基础领域的投入;处在工业化中期和后期的国家,要正确看待国有经济占比的动态调整;各国的国企改革应在立足本土实践的基础上,部分借鉴国外做法。

ROK and Singapore,as the representative countries that have successfully achieved catch-up development after World WarⅡ,their economic development models are worthy of learning by other developing countries.After World WarⅡ,both governments established a number of SOEs to promote economic development and industrialization.Using historical research methods,this paper systematically summarizes the development process of the SOEs in ROK and Singapore,and provides solid historical data.Based on the previous work,the paper proposes three policy implications.First,for low-income countries that are in the early stages of industrialization,they should increase public investment in basic industries.Second,for countries that are in the middle and late stages of industrialization,they should correctly view the dynamic adjustment of the share of state-owned economy.Third,for SOE reform in various countries,the government should base on local practices,and partially learn from foreign experience.