东北地区玉米氮高效品种筛选及产量组成因素分析

Screening for Nitrogen-efficient Maize Cultivars Used in Northeast China and Analysis of Yield Components

为了筛选适宜农民种植的高产、养分高效玉米品种,提高东北地区的氮肥利用率,在吉林梨树、辽宁铁岭和黑龙江哈尔滨设置高氮与低氮两个氮水平,各选择20个玉米品种,通过两年定位的田间试验,对其产量及其组成因素进行分析。结果表明,在吉林梨树县地区,良玉918和德美1号两年均表现为双高效品种,先玉335和迪锋128均表现为高氮高效型品种。在辽宁铁岭地区双高效品种有宏硕899、锦华299、沈玉21和迪卡159,先玉335表现为高氮高效品种。在黑龙江哈尔滨,京科728、天农9、誉成1、先玉335为双高效品种,高氮高效品种是德育919和益农玉10。与所有供试品种的平均值相比,两年3个地点平均,双高效品种在正常施氮、低氮条件下分别增产12.8%和16.2%。高氮高效型品种在正常施氮条件下的增产率为6.4%。两个氮水平下,双高效品种具有较多的穗数和穗粒数,高氮高效品种仅在高氮水平下具有较多的穗粒数,低氮高效品种仅在低氮水平下具有较高的穗粒数。

In order to get high-yield,nitrogen-efficient maize cultivars so as to improve nitrogen use efficiency in Northeast China,a two-years experiment in three locations and two nitrogen application levels were conducted in Lishu of Jilin province,Tieling of Liaoning province and Harbin of Heilongjiang province in 2017 and 2018.Twenty maize cultivars were used in each of the three experimental sites each year,and their yield and yield components were analyzed.The results showed that,in Lishu,Liangyu918 and Demei 1 were double-efficient cultivars which showed high yield under both low and high nitrogen input in both years.Xianyu335 and Difeng 128 were high-yielding culti⁃vars which got high yield only at high nitrogen input.In Tieling,double-efficient cultivars were Hongshuo899,Jin⁃hua299,Shenyu 21 and Dika159.Xianyu335 was a high-yielding cultivar.In Harbin,Jingke728,Tiannong 9,Yucheng 1,Xianyu335 were double-efficient cultivars,and Deyu919 and Yinongyu 10 were high-yielding cultivars.Compared to the average yield level of all the tested cultivars,across the three locations,the use of double-efficient in⁃creased maize yield by 12.8%and 16.2%under high and low nitrogen input,respectively.The high-yielding cultivars increased maize yield by 6.4%under high nitrogen input.The double-efficient cultivars had more grains per ear.High-nitrogen efficient cultivars had more ears per area and grain numbers per ear only under high nitrogen input.Un⁃derlow-nitrogenlevels,low-nitrogen efficient cultivars had more grain numbers per ear only under low-nitrogen supply.