夏玉米产量时空变化及气候年型分析

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variations of Summer Maize Yield and the Year of Climate Type

定量分析夏玉米同一品种产量及产量构成要素时空变化,探讨造成产量时空差异的气候年型组合变化特征。基于2004~2013年夏玉米种植区郑单958多点田间试验数据分析表明,夏玉米区域平均产量为9055 kg/hm^2,年际差为1635 kg/hm^2,变幅为18.1%;地点差4258 kg/hm^2,变幅为47.1%。夏玉米区域平均千粒重为313 g,年际变幅为13.1%;地点变幅为27.8%。夏玉米区域平均穗粒数为479,年际变幅为18.0%,地点变幅为38.7%。千粒重的增加导致夏玉米产量显著增加。穗粒数显著降低和时空差异大是造成产量波动和时空差异变幅大的主要原因。夏玉米产量和产量构成要素,低产点受各气候要素变化的影响显著;平产点受温度和日最高温度大于33℃的天数影响显著;高产点受降水影响显著。

In order to quantify the spatiotemporal change of summer maize yield and yield components and ex⁃plore the change of the year of climate type,the data of multipoint field experiments with the same summer maize cultivar were analyzed in summer maize growing region in China from 2004 to 2013.The result showed that,sum⁃mer maize yield of the regional average was 9055 kg/ha;the seasonal difference of the yield was 1635 kg/ha,the site difference of it was 4258 kg/ha;the seasonal and site variation of it was 18.1%and 47.1%,respectively;1000-kernel weight of the regional average was 313 g with 13.1%seasonal variation and 27.8%spatial variation.Kernel number of the regional average was 479.Kernel number presented 18.0%seasonal variation and 38.7%spatial vari⁃ation.Summer maize yield increased significantly with the increase of 1000-kernel weight.The large fluctuation and spatiotemporal variation of summer maize yield were caused by kernel number decreasing significantly and the large spatiotemporal variation.In low yield sites,the change of climate factors significantly impacted yield and yield components of summer maize.In the mean yield sites,temperature and the days of maximum temperature above 33℃influenced these significantly.And in the high yield sites,significantly affected by precipitation.