文献的民族志研究——文献民族志作为一种研究方法的可能性

Ethnographic Research of the Literature——the Possibility of the Literature Ethnography as a Research Method

长期以来,民族志是建立在田野调查基础上的,但葛兰言以其关于诗经研究的优秀民族志写作告诉我们,文献民族志也是可能的。文献民族志之所以可能,其最根本的原因在于文献中具有对事实相对准确的记录。葛兰言诗经研究的文献民族志写作最突出的特点在于,其用来自中国的概念和理论对相关现象的解释,而非套用西方理论。文献民族志的书写应该按照材料性质、材料背景、材料关系和材料反思等4步来进行,并且应具备人类学的学科意识。

For a long time,ethnography has been based on fieldwork,but Marcel Grant's excellent ethnographic writing on the study of the Book of Songs tells us that the ethnography of the literature is also possible.The most fundamental reason for the literature ethnography is that the literature has relatively accurate records of facts.The most prominent feature of Marcel Grant's literature ethnography writing in the study of the Book of Songs is that it uses Chinese concepts and theories,rather than the Western ones,to explain the relevant phenomena.The writing of the literature ethnography should follow the four steps of the nature,background,relationship and reflection of materials,and should have an anthropological disciplinary consciousness.