间充质干细胞来源的外泌体在肝癌治疗中的研究进展

Research progress on mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)具有强大的分泌能力,主要通过分泌细胞因子和细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)对周围的细胞产生作用,而外泌体是EVs的一个主要亚群。MSCs来源的外泌体(mesenchymal stem cell-derived exo⁃some,MSC-Exo)作为MSCs胞内信号的重要组成部分,在肝癌等疾病治疗的研究中具有与MSCs相似的作用,能克服复杂的体内递送障碍,实现远距离输送,能被受体细胞吸收,无免疫排斥,无致瘤性,易于获得且方便贮存。MSC-Exo的脂质膜可以包裹并保护其内容物免受体液中降解酶的影响,使其成为天然的良好载体,可用于装载抗肝癌药物,因而在未来肝癌的治疗方面,MSCExo具有一定的临床应用前景。本文就MSC-Exo应用于肝癌治疗方面的研究进行综述,为肝癌的治疗提供新思路。

Mesenchymal stemcells(MSCs)have a strong secretory capacity.Many studies have shown that the functions of MSCs are mainly mediated through the secretion of various cytokines and extracellular vesicles(EVs).Additionally,exosomes represent the main subpopulations of EVs.As important components of the intracellular signaling of MSCs,MSC-derived exosome(MSC-Exo)has similar effects as MSCs on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and other diseases.Exosomes can overcome complex delivery barriers in vivo to achieve longdistance transportation,and they can be absorbed by recipient cells without immune rejection and tumorigenicity.Moreover,exosomes are easily available and can be conveniently stored.The lipid membrane of MSC-Exos can wrap around and protect its contents from the activity of degrading enzymes in the receptor fluid,making them good natural carriers for anti-hepatocellular carcinoma drugs.Therefore,MSC-Exos possess great clinical application prospects in the stem cell-based treatment of HCC.This article briefly reviews the progress on MSC-Exo in the treatment of HCC and provides new ideas for future research.