高层住区的危机与出路——以苏黎世温特阿弗尔顿第二住区为例

Crisis and Outlet of Zurich’s High-rise Settlements: The Case of “Unteraffoltern Ⅱ”

全球范围内大批二战后建设的高层住区,因设计时忽略了住区的社会问题而面临巨大的危机。建于1967—1970年的温特阿弗尔顿第二住区作为苏黎世政府为中低收入者建设的政府住区之一,曾被认为是苏黎世最有问题的住区。自上世纪80年代开始,其先后经历了3个阶段共5次更新改造,通过对房屋的维修以及对户型和环境的改造提升了居住品质和社会环境,从而增强了住区的吸引力并形成良性循环。温特阿弗尔顿第二住区的成功案例对于当前我国高层住区建设与更新有着重要的借鉴价值。

Due to the neglect of social problems of settlements at the beginning of design, a large number of modern high-rise settlements built after the World War Ⅱ faced a huge crisis worldwide. The Unteraffoltern Ⅱ settlement, built in 1967-1970, is one of the Zurich government settlements for low and middle income people, and was once considered to be the most problematic settlement in Zurich. Since the 1980s, Unteraffoltern Ⅱ has undergone five upgrades and renovations in three stages. Through maintenance and transformation, performance improvement, environmental transformation, quality improvement, household transformation and space diversification, etc., the social environment has been gradually improved, the attraction of the settlement increased, and the settlement entered a virtuous circle. In view of the transformation and regeneration of largescale residential areas, the successful transformation of Unteraffoltern Ⅱ settlement has important reference value for the construction and renewal of high-rise residential areas in China.