基于多尺度气候环境优化的当代德国城市设计——以慕尼黑里姆会展新城项目为例

Approaches for Contemporary German Urban Design Based on Multi-scale Climatic Environment Optimization:A Case Study of Messestadt Riem in Munich

城市范围内的气候环境优化任务具有多重内涵,既包含城市尺度气候问题的缓解,又涉及具体项目区域微气候质量的提升。实践中,整合多尺度城市气候研究工作、协调空间使用需求的矛盾,对城市设计工作体系的创新与优化提出了挑战。以慕尼黑里姆会展新城项目为例,从目标体系、专项引导、程序创新、设计应对等方面分析了兼顾“城市气候”与“微气候”优化的当代德国城市设计方法。研究成果显示,目标体系的合理搭建、专项研究的有效转译、工作程序的科学组织、设计应对的灵活与平衡,是城市设计方案全面实现多尺度气候环境优化的必要条件。

Climatic environment optimization within a city has multiple connotations,which means alleviating the bad urban climate phenomenon for the whole city,and improving the microclimate quality of outdoor space for a specific project.In practice,integrating multi-scale urban climate research and coordinating the contradiction of spatial demand at all levels will pose challenges to the innovation and optimization of the working system of urban design.Taking Messestadt Riem in Munich as an example,this paper analyzes the contemporary German urban design approaches which can simultaneously achieve the optimization objectives of“urban climate”and“microclimate”,from the aspects of target system,special research,workflow and design techniques.Findings show that proper structure of target system,effective translation of special research,scientific working process and flexible design techniques are necessary conditions to ensure the comprehensive realization of multi-scale climatic environment optimization in urban design schemes.