回到什么语文学?——汉学、比较文学与作为功能的语文学

What Philology Are We Returning to?:Sinology,Comparative Literature and the Philology-Function

欧美汉学在方法论和实践上深受语文学理念的影响,并与之一道置身于现代人文学科的机构语境之中。奥尔巴赫的"现世语文学"是现代人文主义语文学的标志性理念。"新语文学"强调文本的物质实在性与社会学语境,是对文本思想史与符号象征论两种语文学路径的反拨;另一方面,语文学从一开始就与语言多义性及其阐释空间相关,解构批评派试图调和理论同语文学的对立,这也揭示了语文学内蕴着诉求与效应的悖论。在此背景下,当代汉学与语文学的交汇强调世界性与地方性学术的辩证关系,关注中国的语文学传统本身。语文学实则承担了一种规导功能,其沉浮表征着人文学科的自反性调节机制。理解当前语文学的脉络与局势有助于我们重访和重述本土的学术传统,参与国际语文学的学术对话,而具有比较文学思维的汉学后设研究在此过程中将扮演重要的中介作用。

The western sinology is deeply influenced by philology methodologically and practically.Both sinology and philology are positioned in the institutional context of modern humanities.The idea of"worldly philology"advocated by Auerbach is a milestone for the humanistic philology."New philology",focusing on the materiality and sociology of text,is a trend against the two philological approaches of intellectual history and symbolic semiotics.At the same time,philology is closely related to ambiguity and hermeneutic potentiality of language.The deconstructive critics try to reconcile the contradiction between theory and philology,which,however,reveals a paradox between the promise and efficacy of philology itself.Against this background,contemporary sinology,converging with philology and emphasizing the dialectics of global-regional scholarship,takes Chinese philological tradition as an important issue.The rise and decline of philology represent a reflexive adjusting mechanism of humanities,and philology could be regarded as a regulating function.Understanding this situation is helpful for us to revisit and restate the tradition of philology in China and to engage in the global comparative discussion on philology.The meta-research of sinology as a comparative literary study will play an important intermediary role in this process.